从《祖堂集》看“叉手”一词的确义及其他

发布时间：2018-02-11 17:20

本文关键词： 祖堂集叉手合掌词语释义汉语大词典　出处：《宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2011年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：《汉语大词典》关于"叉手"一词的三个义项:1.两手在胸前相交,表示恭敬。2.抄手。两手交笼于袖内。3.佛教的一种敬礼方式。两掌对合于胸前。胡氏与汪氏以及《汉语大词典》的释义,是否各有得失?下面从三个方面来讨论。《祖堂集》成书于公元952年,由五代南唐泉州招庆寺静、筠二禅师编修,其中的许多原始材料自20世纪80年代以来才开始为中国学者所重视。《祖堂集》将"叉手"与"合掌"对举,分别代表僧俗两家礼仪。从对"叉手"一词使用情况的调查,我们发现"叉手"一词至迟在唐末五代就用来表示我国很早就有的拱手礼,其基本手势是两手相握,左手在上、右手在下。用于见面、作别或者答话、问话之前所行之手势。在西晋,与"叉十指"一起被汉译佛经借去对译印度的"金刚合掌",从而在佛教典籍中使"叉手"一词具有"两掌对合于胸前,微微交叉手指"的佛家义。而"叉手"一词在世俗生活使用中具有了"才思神速"的典故义,并衍生出两手意相交以表达轻松自在情趣的意味。同时"叉手"还是建筑上的支承构件,即民间俗呼之斗拱。《汉语大词典》第三个义项说的就是佛家的"叉手"义,然尚可添加"微微交叉手指,即印度佛教之'金刚合掌"之语。而其第一个义项"两手在胸前相交,表示恭敬",所言即为"拱手"礼,惜乎其说之不详,应当补充"左手在上,右手在下,亦即民间之拱手"。同时从《祖堂集》中僧人所行的"叉手"礼实为"拱手"礼,表明至迟在唐末五代时期,"叉手"的方式已经与拱揖相似。
[Abstract]:The three meanings of the word "forked hand": 1. Two hands cross each other in front of the chest. Show respect. 2. Copy your hands. 3. A form of salute in Buddhism. Two palms match to your chest. Do Hu and Wang, as well as the interpretation of the Chinese Dictionary, have their own gains and losses? The following is discussed from three aspects. The book was written in 952. It was edited by the five dynasties Southern Tang Dynasty, Quanzhou, Zhaoqing Temple, and Yun's second Zen Master. Many of the original materials have been attached great importance to by Chinese scholars since 1980s. The collection of "forked hands" and "joint hands", respectively, represents the rituals of monks and common customs. From the investigation of the use of the word "forked hands", We found that the word "forked hand" was used to denote an early surrender ceremony in China at the latest in the late Tang and five dynasties. Its basic gesture was to hold hands together, with the left hand at the top and the right at the bottom. It was used for meeting, saying goodbye or answering words. Gestures made before questioning. In the Western Jin Dynasty, in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Chinese Buddhist Sutra borrowed the word "forked hand" from the Buddhist Sutra to translate the Indian "King Kong", so that the word "fork hand" had "two palms opposite to the chest" in the Buddhist books. The Buddhist meaning of "slightly crossed fingers". And the word "fork hand" has the allusion of "quick thinking" in the use of secular life. At the same time, the "fork hand" is also the supporting member of the building, that is, the fighting arch of the folk custom. The third meaning of the Chinese Dictionary refers to the meaning of "fork hand" of Buddhism. However, it can be added that "slightly crossed fingers, that is, the words of Indian Buddhism's' King Kong hand,'" and its first meaning, "two hands crossed in front of the chest to show respect," is said to be a "bow hand" ceremony, and it should be added "the left hand is on the top," while regretting that it is not clear that it is said that "the left hand is on the top." The right hand is under, that is, the folk hand ". At the same time, the" fork hand "ceremony of the monks from the" ancestral Hall Collection "is actually" the arch hand "ritual, indicating that the way of" fork hand "has been similar to that of Gong Yi in the late Tang Dynasty and the five dynasties period at the latest.
【作者单位】：四川大学文新学院;
【分类号】：H131

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