汉语警示类告示语语用研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 13:37

本文关键词： 警示类告示语语用研究宏观微观　出处：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国使用告示语进行宣传的历史悠久,堪称告示语使用大国。无论是在安宁平静的乡村还是在繁华喧闹的都市,告示语的身影随处可见。无论是在革命年代还是在和平年代,告示语在动员民众方面始终占据着其他动员方式无可替代的位置。总的说来,在社会生活的方方面面,告示语都发挥着重要的宣传作用。随着社会的变迁和时代的发展,汉语告示语也在悄然发生着变化。而警示类告示语则是告示语中变化最快、反应最灵敏的一个小类。警示类告示语是社会发展的一面镜子,从中可以折射出社会的发展进步程度。如今,警示类告示语的面貌早已焕然一新,不再以单一、死板的面目示人,而是变得委婉幽默,更具有人性化。这些变化无不昭示着社会文明程度的提高。警示类告示语的正确使用不仅有助于树立良好的社会风气而且可以为经济社会发展营造良好的人文环境。本文旨在运用语用学原理从宏观和微观两个角度来分析汉语警示类告示语的特点和规律,为撰写符合时代潮流、被广大群众喜闻乐见的警示类告示语提出一些建议。第1章,介绍了本研究的缘起和意义,对本研究的范围作了界定,并对国内告示语研究现状做了一番梳理,然后对本文的语料来源进行了说明。第2章,介绍了汉语告示语的分类。本文的分类是根据语言学家Searle的言语行为理论,把告示语分为指示类告示语、呼告类告示语、警示类告示语及庆贺类告示语。警示类告示语属于指令类告示语,根据它的语言特点,可以将其分为两个次类：禁止类警示语和劝告教育类警示语。并通过数据分析得出结论：目前劝告教育类警示语的运用比例要远远高于禁止类警示语。第3章,从宏观角度出发,运用顺应理论分析了警示类告示语的语言选择。其语言选择具有明显的变异性和协商性。警示语的语言选择要顺应不同的语境,即交际语境和语言语境。在话语构筑要素的选择上,劝告教育类警示语要比禁止类警示语更加复杂多变。在研究警示类告示语意义生成的动态性时,要着重考察时间维度、语境因素和语言结构等方面。越是能够引起听读者注意的警示类告示语,其意识突显性就越强。这类告示语的意识突显性主要体现在话语构筑要素的选择和过量信息使用这两方面。第4章,从微观角度分析了时下常见的汉语警示类告示语。具体使用言语行为理论、关联理论、礼貌原则和合作原则等语用策略。第5章,分析了影响汉语警示类告示语语用效果的原因。主要有以下几种：对语境因素的忽视、语言要素使用不当、语用策略选择失误等。提出了一些建构警示类告示语的想法：警示类告示语的使用要有针对性人群,要充分考虑到语境因素,要符合语言规范。最后对本文的基本观点和不足之处作了总结。
[Abstract]:China has a long history of using signs for propaganda, which can be regarded as a great country in the use of signs. Whether in peaceful and peaceful villages or bustling and noisy cities, the signs are everywhere. Whether in revolutionary times or in peaceful times, Notice language has always occupied an irreplaceable position in mobilizing people. Generally speaking, in all aspects of social life, sign language plays an important role in propaganda. With the change of the society and the development of the times, the Chinese sign language is also changing quietly. The warning sign language is the fastest changing and the most sensitive kind of notice language. The warning sign language is a mirror of the social development. It can reflect the degree of social development and progress. Today, the warning signs have taken on a new look and become euphemistic and humorous instead of presenting themselves with a single, rigid face. These changes all show the improvement of social civilization. The correct use of warning signs can not only help to set up a good social atmosphere but also create a good humanistic environment for economic and social development. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics and laws of Chinese warning signs from macro and micro perspectives by using pragmatic principles. In order to write in line with the trend of the times, the majority of people like the warning signs put forward some suggestions. The first chapter introduces the origin and significance of this study, defines the scope of this study, and combs the current situation of the study of notice language in China, and then explains the source of the corpus of this paper. In chapter 2, the classification of Chinese notice language is introduced. According to the speech act theory of linguist Searle, the notice language is divided into demonstrative notice language, call notice type notice language, Warning type notice language and celebration type notice language. Warning type notice language belongs to instruction type notice language, according to its language characteristic, It can be divided into two categories: prohibition warning language and exhortation warning language, and it is concluded by data analysis that the proportion of warning language used in exhortation education is much higher than that in prohibited warning language. In chapter 3, from the macro point of view, we analyze the language choice of warning notice language by using adaptation theory. The language choice of warning language has obvious variability and negotiation, and the language choice of warning language should adapt to different contexts. That is, communicative context and linguistic context. In the choice of the elements of discourse construction, the warning language of exhortation education is more complex and changeable than that of forbidden warning. When studying the dynamic nature of the meaning generation of warning warning, we should pay attention to the time dimension. Context factors and language structure. The more attention can be drawn to the warning notice language, The consciousness salience of this kind of notice language is mainly reflected in the choice of discourse construction elements and the excessive use of information. In chapter 4, we analyze the common warning language in Chinese from a micro perspective. We use speech act theory, relevance theory, politeness principle and cooperative principle. Chapter 5 analyzes the reasons that affect the pragmatic effect of the warning notice language in Chinese. The main reasons are as follows: neglect of context factors, improper use of language elements, etc. This paper puts forward some ideas for the construction of warning signs: the use of warning signs should be targeted at the population and the context factors should be fully taken into account. Finally, the basic viewpoints and shortcomings of this paper are summarized.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H13

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