二战后美国高等院校外语教育发展研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 11:39

本文关键词： 美国高等院校外语教育政策语种课程评估　出处：《华中科技大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国高等院校外语教育是伴随美国高等教育发展起来的。殖民地时期的高等院校以拉丁语、希腊语等古典语言教学为主要教育内容。独立战争后,一些新办的学院开始教授实用性的语言科目,法语、德语、西班牙语等欧洲现代语言因其在国际贸易中的实用性成为高等院校的补充科目,但现代语言被认为缺乏心智训练的功能,是虚饰的课程,因此一直到南北战争前,美国高等院校仍然由古典语言及古典学科所主控。南北战争后到第二次世界大战,美国高等院校外语教育进入专业发展期,以法语和德语为主的现代语言教育得到发展,古典语言开始衰落。二战后,美国高等院校外语教育进入多样化发展时期,外语教育政策、语种、课程、评估等都发生了巨大变化。二战后,美国联邦政府开始介入高等院校的外语教育,通过一系列法案并通过项目资助的形式来促进高等院校外语教育的发展。在美国联邦政府的政策资助下,大量非西欧的现代语言进入高等院校,实现了外语语种的多样化发展,学科、课程及课程开设机构也发生了变革。美国外语专业协会为美国高等院校外语教育的专业标准制定、教师聘用、课程发展等各方面问题提供了政策建议。高等院校根据教育目标、学生、社会和国家的需求,制定了相应的外语教育政策措施。二战后,美国高等院校的外语教育语种实现了多样化。除了传统的古典语言、法语、德语、西班牙语等普遍被教授的语言之外,美国联邦政府通过立法资助等规划措施促使亚、非、拉等地的语言进入高等院校,高等院校逐渐成为美国外语资源和能力的巨大储存库。二战后,西班牙语逐渐超越法语、德语成为第一大外语语种,较少被教授的语言的注册率也逐年上升。高等院校外语教育语种注册率的变迁,是美国高等教育中人文主义思想和工具主义思想博弈、语言观的变化、联邦政府的资助以及美国人口种族结构变迁共同作用的结果。二战后,除了主流的文学和文化课程之外,美国高等院校开设了大量的、与职业相关的实用性外语课程,课程的实施和学习方式也发生了重大变化,发展了独立学习、电脑辅助学习、海外学习等各类学习项目。此外,课程开设和实施的机构除了传统的外语院系之外,语言中心、语言和区域研究中心也是许多外语课程的重要开设机构。外语课程的变化受到了二战后美国高等教育课程主体、外语教育逻辑基础以及学科基础变化的影响。二战后,美国高等院校在学生的外语学习成绩评估、教师评估以及外语教育项目的评估等方面进行了变革。外语测试在理论和实践方面都得到了重大发展,学生档案袋等质性评估成为了重要的评估手段。对教师的评估包含了教学、学术研究和社会服务等三方面。为了应对社会问责和提高外语项目的质量和效益,外语项目评估也逐渐发展起来,结果评估成为项目评估的重要形式。二战后,美国高等院校外语教育在政策、外语语种、课程和评估等各方面的发展和变革既是外语教育的变革,更是美国高等教育所发生的变革在外语教育领域的反映。它对我国在21世纪建立与我国国际地位相适应的高等院校外语教育体系具有重要的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The college foreign language education in the United States is accompanied by the development of American higher education. The universities of the colonial period in Latin, Greek and other classical language teaching as the main content of education. After the war, some new colleges began to teach practical subjects of language, French, German, Spanish and other modern European language because of its in international trade practical subjects as a complement of colleges and universities, but the modern language is that the lack of mental training function is tinseled course, so until before the civil war, American universities still by the classical language and classical discipline master. After the civil war to world war second, College of foreign language education the United States entered the professional development stage, the modern language education in French and German based development, the classical language began to decline. After the Second World War, foreign language education in American colleges and Universities Great changes have taken place in foreign language education policy, language, curriculum, evaluation and so on in the period of the development of the sample.
After World War II, the federal government began to intervene in foreign language education of colleges and universities, through a series of bills and through project funding in the form to promote the development of foreign language education of colleges and universities in the United States. The policy of the federal government funding, a large number of non Western Europe into modern language institutions, diversified development, foreign language discipline curriculum the course and mechanism has also changed. The United States Association of professional foreign language professional standards for foreign language education in U.S. colleges development, teacher employment, various aspects of the curriculum development issues provides policy suggestions. According to the educational objectives of higher institutions, students, social and national needs, formulate corresponding policies and measures of foreign language education.
After the Second World War, American college foreign language education language has diversified. In addition to the traditional classical language, French, German, Spanish and other outside widely taught languages, the federal government passed legislation to aid planning measures such as the Asia, and other places, pull into the language of colleges and universities, colleges and universities have gradually become a huge repository for the United States foreign language ability and resources. After World War II, the French German Spanish gradually beyond, has become the first foreign language, the language of the professor is less the registered rate also increased year by year. Changes of college foreign language education language enrollment, humanistic ideas and tools in American higher education ideology game, change the view of language, the federal government the support and interaction of the U.S. population racial structure change.
After World War II, in addition to the mainstream literature and culture course, colleges and universities in the United States opened a lot, and occupation related practical foreign language curriculum, curriculum implementation and learning have also undergone major changes, the development of independent learning, computer assisted learning, learning and other learning projects overseas. In addition, the courses and the implementation of the in addition to the traditional institutions, foreign language department Language Center, an important open center language and area studies but also many foreign language courses. In foreign language courses in higher education curriculum subject by the United States after World War II, effects of EFL education and discipline based logic changes.
After World War II, achievement evaluation in students' language learning in American higher education, teacher evaluation and foreign language education project evaluation and other aspects of the reform. Foreign language testing has been a significant development in the aspects of theory and practice, students' portfolio quality evaluation has become an important means of evaluation. Teachers' assessment includes teaching. The academic research and social service. In order to deal with the three aspects of social accountability and improve the quality and efficiency of foreign language project, project evaluation has been developed. The evaluation results become an important form of project evaluation.
After World War II, the college foreign language education in the policy of the United States, foreign language, curriculum and evaluation and other aspects of development and reform is the reform of foreign language education, but also reflects the changes in American higher education in the field of foreign language education. It has important significance to the establishment of China's foreign language education system in Colleges and universities to adapt to China's international status in twenty-first Century.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H09

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