英汉被动句结构与功能对比研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 02:23

本文关键词： 被动语态被动构式扩展元功能对比研究　出处：《南京师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：被动概念是人类普遍具有的经验概念,被动概念的表达一直以来都是语言研究中的热点之一。不同的语法学家对被动语态有不同的定义和划分,在具体的研究中,各个流派的研究重点也有着很大的不同。传统语言学主要研究主动到被动的形式上的转换。以Chomsky为代表的形式学派认为被动和主动共用一个深层结构,被动句是通过一系列的转换规则由深层结构转换而来的,该学派的研究侧重于对这些转换规则的描述,而不考虑语用。而认知学派对于语言现象的研究依据的是“人类经验→概念化→图式化→语言形式”的假设,在研究语言现象时探讨的是语言形式和以经验为基础的概念化之间的双向关系。该派主要研究被动句的句法语义原型、原型效应、构式意义、被动句的扩展以及其认知理据等等。功能学派重视从语言的功能方面研究不同的语言形式。对于被动态的研究该派主要从其具有的语篇功能、人际功能方面等进行研究。本研究的目的在于运用以上认知领域的最新理论——原型范畴理论、ICM理论、构式理论以及韩礼德的元功能理论对英汉被动语态的形式、产生机制、功能进行系统的对比研究,以求揭示被动语态这一语言现象背后所反映的人类经验的普遍性。研究发现英汉被动句式的产生有着相同的认知机制,英汉特殊被动结构的产生是通过隐喻。英汉被动结构在语用功能上既有相同点也有不同之处,这反应了英汉文化上的差异。本研究使我们对被动概念的理解有了进一步认识,也使我们认识到了认知理论的强大解释力。
[Abstract]:Passive concept is a common empirical concept in human beings. The expression of passive concept has always been one of the hotspots in language research. Different grammars have different definitions and divisions of passive voice. Traditional linguistics mainly studies the transformation from active to passive form. The formal school, represented by Chomsky, holds that passive and active share a deep structure, and passive sentences share a deep structure. A series of transformation rules are derived from deep structural transformation. The study of this school focuses on the description of these transformation rules, regardless of pragmatics. The cognitive school studies linguistic phenomena on the basis of "human experience." 鈫扖onceptualization. 鈫扴chema transformation. 鈫扵he hypothesis of "language form" explores the two-way relationship between language form and empiric-based conceptualization in the study of linguistic phenomena. This school focuses on syntactic and semantic prototypes, archetypal effects, and constructional meanings of passive sentences. The extension of passive sentence and its cognitive motivation, etc. The functional school pays attention to the study of different language forms from the aspect of language function. The purpose of this study is to use the theories of prototype category, construction and metafunctions of Halliday to produce the forms of passive voice in English and Chinese, which are the latest theories in cognitive field, such as the theory of ICM, the theory of construction, and the theory of metafunctions of Halliday. In order to reveal the universality of human experience reflected by passive voice, we find that the generation of passive sentence patterns in English and Chinese has the same cognitive mechanism. The emergence of English and Chinese special passive structures is based on metaphor. There are similarities and differences in pragmatic functions of English and Chinese passive structures, which reflect the cultural differences between English and Chinese. It also makes us realize the powerful explanatory power of cognitive theory.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H314;H146

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