汉语名词、动词和动名兼类词语义加工的ERP研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 11:25

本文选题：名词　切入点：动词　出处：《南开大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在世界语言中，几乎所有语言都具有名词和动词这两个词类。名词和动词作为语言中重要而基本的词类，在句法、语义、语用等语言层面上既有区别又有联系。由于缺少严格意义上的形态，汉语名词和动词的划分问题还存在不同的意见。心理语言学、神经语言学等方面的研究可能有助于解决这个问题。因为语言与大脑的关系是密不可分的。大脑的左右两个半球，在功能上有所不同，存在偏侧化现象。研究汉语名词和动词在左脑和右脑中的加工和表征，对认识语言和大脑都具有重要意义。本文通过ERP技术和半视野速示技术，对汉语名词、动词、动名兼类词的语义加工进行了考察，并且通过进一步匹配动词和动名兼类词的具体性，对语义特征和具体性在语义加工中的作用进行了探讨。通过比较左脑/右视野和右脑/左视野条件下，不同词类加工的表现，对语言加工中的偏侧化现象进行了讨论。在对实验结果充分分析的基础上，本文主要得到以下结果： 1）汉语名词、动词作为两个基本词类，在语义加工过程中存在差别。在不区分视野呈现条件下，名词和动词的P2和N400存在差异；在半视野呈现条件下，名词和动词的N400在左脑/右视野和右脑/左视野中都存在差别。名词和动词在语义加工中表现出的差异，一方面是因为名词和动词具有不同的语义特征，另一方面是因为名词和动词在具体性上存在差别。名词、动词的分离不应在形态层面和句法层面上，名词和动词的差别也不是源于具体性的不同。 2）汉语动名兼类词处于典型名词和典型动词的中间状态，在逐渐具备了名动两种句法功能的同时，，其语义也发生了变化，体现出不同于名词和动词的语义特征。N400和LPC两个成分可以体现这种语义差异，并表现出动名兼类词从动词逐渐向名词发展的语义动态轨迹。同时，动名兼类词与名词和动词的差异还表明，在进入句法位置前，动名兼类词就为能够同时实现名词和动词的句法功能做好了语义上的准备，体现语言的语义层面和句法层面的对应一致性。 3）具体性变量在语言加工中具有重要作用。在语义加工中，具体性会影响N400成分的波幅。但是具体性对于不同词类加工的影响不同，具体名词和抽象名词之间的N400差异要大于具体动词和抽象动词之间的N400差异，说明具体性对名词加工和表征的影响更为显著。这种差异与名词、动词的语义特征有关，具体性更适合对名词进行分析。 4）在语言加工中，左脑和右脑之间是分工协作的。在语义加工过程中，左脑主要负责语言的加工，右脑主要负责形象的加工；左脑多是对主要的、单一语义进行加工，右脑多是对广泛的、多个语义进行加工。 5）N400至少具有两个子成分，一个与语义特征的加工有关，一个与具体性的加工有关。LPC在词汇判断任务中体现判断的确定性，单义词和多义词加工的差异可以通过LPC体现出来。
[Abstract]:In almost all languages of the world, there are two parts of speech: nouns and verbs. Nouns and verbs are important and basic parts of speech in syntax and semantics. Pragmatics and other linguistic levels are both different and related. Due to the lack of strict form, there are still different opinions on the division of nouns and verbs in Chinese. Studies in neurolinguistics and other areas may help solve this problem, because language is inextricably linked to the brain. The left and right hemispheres of the brain are functionally different. The study of the processing and representation of Chinese nouns and verbs in the left and right brain is of great significance to the understanding of both language and brain. In this paper, the semantic processing of Chinese nouns, verbs and verb-nomenclature words is investigated by means of ERP technique and semi-visual field technique, and the concrete features of verbs and verb-noun compound words are further matched. This paper discusses the role of semantic features and specificity in semantic processing. By comparing the performance of different parts of speech processing under the conditions of left brain / right visual field and right brain / left visual field, The phenomenon of lateralization in language processing is discussed. Based on the full analysis of the experimental results, the following results are obtained:. 1) as two basic parts of speech, Chinese nouns and verbs are different in semantic processing. N400 of noun and verb is different in left brain / right visual field and right brain / left visual field. The difference between noun and verb in semantic processing is due to the different semantic characteristics of noun and verb. On the other hand, there are differences between noun and verb in concreteness. The separation of noun and verb should not be on the level of form and syntax, nor is the difference between noun and verb due to the difference of concreteness. 2) Chinese verb-noun words are in the intermediate state of typical nouns and typical verbs, and their semantics have also changed while they gradually have two syntactic functions of noun and verb. The semantic features. N400 and LPC, which are different from nouns and verbs, can reflect this semantic difference, and show the semantic dynamic track of the development of the words of both noun and verb from verb to noun. At the same time, The differences between verb-nomenclature and noun and verb also show that before entering the syntactic position, verb-noun and verb are semantically prepared to realize the syntactic function of both noun and verb at the same time. It embodies the correspondence consistency between semantic level and syntactic level of language. 3) concrete variables play an important role in language processing. In semantic processing, concreteness affects the amplitude of N400 component, but concreteness has different effects on processing of different parts of speech. The N400 difference between concrete nouns and abstract nouns is greater than that between concrete verbs and abstract verbs, which indicates that concreteness has a more significant effect on the processing and representation of nouns. This difference is related to the semantic characteristics of nouns and verbs. Concreteness is more suitable for the analysis of nouns. 4) in language processing, there is a division of labor between the left brain and the right brain. In semantic processing, the left brain is mainly responsible for language processing, while the right brain is mainly responsible for image processing. The right brain processes a wide range of semantics. 5N400 has at least two sub-components, one is related to the processing of semantic features, the other is related to concrete processing. LPC-related deterministic judgment in lexical judgment task. The difference between mononymy and polysemy processing can be reflected through LPC.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.2;H0-05

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