现在汉语近义词“回、还、归、返”的区别性语义特征分析

发布时间：2018-03-02 11:21

本文选题：回　切入点：还　出处：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代汉语“返回”类位移动词由“回、还（huan）、归、返”四个动词组成，它们构成的共同的语义框架是一个回环往复的整体运动图式：运动主体从B点运动至A点（终点），而A点本身又是运动主体曾经运动至B点的起点。“回、还、归、返”实际的语义描述的是图式中由B至A这一段，但离不开由A至B这一段作为前提和背景。正是这两个部分合起来构成了这四个动词共有的一个基本图式，而这四个词在共有意象图式的基础上又分别凸显了该图式中不同的部分，，从而形成了“回”、“还”、“归”、“返”各自的区别性语义特征。我们认为，“回”强调运动的客观过程，是一个客观的表述，是对事件的一个整体的、客观的一般性报道。它在图式上不凸显任何部分，只是表述客观运动的全过程；“还”主要强调位移主体由B至A的动因，也就是运动的背景。它在图式上凸显被隐含的前半部分，即：由A至B的部分；“归”主要强调运动的终点，并且关注运动终点的终极性和不再变更的特性，它在图式上凸显的是运动的终点；“返”主要强调运动的逆向性，前一段路径和后一段路径的运动轨迹完全相同，运动方向完全相反，它在图式上凸显运动相逆的方向性。
[Abstract]:The displacement verbs of "return" in modern Chinese consist of four verbs: "back, return", "return", "return" and "return". The common semantic framework they form is a reciprocating, holistic schema of motion: the moving subject moves from point B to point A (the end point, and point A itself is the starting point from which the subject has moved to point B. "back, back, back, back, back, back," The actual semantics describe the paragraph from B to A in the schema, but it cannot be separated from the paragraph A to B as the premise and background. It is the combination of these two parts that constitutes a basic schema shared by the four verbs. On the basis of the common image schema, the four words respectively highlight different parts of the schema, thus forming the distinct semantic characteristics of "Hui", "return", "return" and "return". We believe that "Hui" emphasizes the objective process of the movement, is an objective expression, is an overall, objective and general report of the incident. It does not highlight any part of the schema. It only describes the whole process of objective motion; "also" emphasizes the motivation of the displacement subject from B to A, that is, the background of the movement. It highlights the first half of the implied part in the schemata. That is, the parts from A to B; "return" mainly emphasizes the end point of the movement, and pays attention to the ultimate and immutable characteristics of the end point of the motion, which in the schemata highlights the end point of the movement; "return" mainly emphasizes the reverse nature of the movement. The movement path of the former and the latter is exactly the same, and the direction of motion is completely opposite, which highlights the inverse direction of the motion in the schemata.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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