马来西亚东部砂拉越地区非华裔小学生汉语学习状况调查研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 12:00

本文选题：砂拉越　切入点：非华裔小学生　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在汉语国际教育领域里,马来西亚的华文教育一直以拥有华语目的语的优势著称,尤其在少儿阶段,马来西亚亦有着许多国家所欠缺的小学汉语教学优势。有鉴于此,本文对马来西亚东部砂拉越地区非华裔小学生的华语学习状况做了全方位的调查研究。文中不仅探讨了华文小学汉语作为第一语言教学和第二语言教学兼备的特色,同时亦对尚在起步阶段的马来西亚国民小学华文班进行了汉语作为二语教学的全面考察。研究调查范围设定在东马来西亚的砂拉越地区,主要是基于该区拥有全国数量最多的非华裔华小生,同时也是国小华文班的大本营,加上砂拉越的汉语国际传播在学术上仍是一片空白,因此具有高度的研究价值。本研究第一章叙述了选题意义、研究动态、研究目的,并对术语进行了说明,第二章则是研究方法的阐述,第三章和第四章集中分析华文小学华语科和国民小学华文班的基本状况、教学层面和习得层面的状况,最后一章总结了两种不同源流小学汉语教学的特点,尤其是非华裔小学生汉语学习方面的特点。本研究调查对象为砂拉越华小和国小的非华裔小学生和汉语教师。通过文献法、访谈法和实地观察法,笔者对马来西亚两种不同源流小学中的非华裔学习状况进行了定性研究。除此之外,笔者也分别在11所华小和6所国小,以问卷方式调查了60名华小华语教师、336名华小非华裔学生,以及10名国小华文教师和69名国小非华裔学生,以获得定量研究的数据,作为定性研究的补充和说明。本选题脱离了一贯研究华文小学所采取的母语教学视角,首次从二语教学角度审视砂拉越华文小学中的华语教学的整体情况,同时就教学层面和习得层面,对在华小就读的非华裔学生族群进行了调查研究。定性研究显示,华文小学的第一语言教学方式对非华裔学生的学习成效帮助不大,定量调查结果亦呈现了非华裔学生在汉语习得上的非常态状况。总体而言,华文小学并不是非华裔学生理想的汉语学习环境。马来西亚国民小学开设的华语选修班,是马来西亚政府近年大力推广华文教育所实施的政策,希望通过汉语作为第二语言教学的推行,鼓励各族小学生积极学习汉语。本研究从国小华文班之基本状况、教学和习得情况,共三个层面进行剖析。调查结果显示,国民小学所开设的华文班,基本上符合了二语教学原则,是非华裔小生学习汉语的理想环境。然而,调查亦发现,现阶段的国小华文班无论是在语言政策、课程设置、教材、师资和课堂教学方面,仍有很大的提升空间。此外,笔者使用了SPSS17.0对非华裔生的问卷数据进行习得层面的统计分析,并揭示了各种学习因素变量与教师评价之间的相互关系。统计显示,国民小学非华裔学生的汉语学习情感因素、认知方式和课堂语言环境,将直接影响教师对他们汉语学习的评价。本研究是在汉语国际教育的背景下,将砂拉越地区的汉语教学情况作为一个学习整体来呈现。文中所录主要皆为说明相关学习状况,希望本研究能为未来研究者提供国别性的汉语教育的参考和借鉴价值,也盼本文在促进汉语国际传播进程方面能有所贡献。
[Abstract]:In the field of Chinese international education, Chinese education in Malaysia has always been known for its advantages in the acquisition of Chinese target language. Especially at the stage of children, Malaysia also has many advantages that many countries lack in primary school Chinese teaching.
In view of this, to make a survey of a full range of learning Chinese in the east of Malaysia Sarawak ethnic pupils. This paper not only discusses the Chinese primary school Chinese as the first language teaching and second language teaching has the characteristics, but also on is still at an initial stage of Malaysia national primary school Chinese class of Chinese as a a comprehensive study of the two language teaching. The scope of research set in East Malaysia Sarawak, mainly the area has the largest number of the country's ethnic based on Hua Xiaosheng, is also the elementary school Chinese class stronghold, and Sarawak Chinese international spread more in science is still a blank, so it has research value height.
The first chapter describes the significance of the topic, research trends, research purposes, and the terms are explained, the second chapter is the study of this method, the analysis of the basic situation of Chinese primary school Chinese science and the national primary school Chinese class third and fourth chapter, the teaching level and learning level in the last chapter summarizes the characteristics of the two different origins of primary school Chinese teaching, especially for non Chinese pupils in Chinese learning characteristics.
The subjects of this research are the Sarawak Chinese small and small non Chinese students and Chinese teachers. Through literature, interviews and field observation, the author conducts a qualitative study on non Chinese learning situation of Malaysia two different origin in primary school. In addition, the author also respectively in 11 Chinese small and 6 elementary schools, a questionnaire survey of 60 Chinese Mandarin teachers, 336 Chinese non Chinese students, and 10 elementary Chinese teachers and 69 members of non Chinese students, in order to obtain quantitative data, qualitative research as the supplement and instructions.
This topic from the perspective of the study of Chinese language teaching has always been the primary school to the overall situation, for the first time from the perspective of two language teaching of Chinese language teaching and more sand in Chinese primary school, the teaching level and the acquisition level in China, small in non Chinese students were investigated. The qualitative research shows that learning the first language teaching mode of Chinese primary school for non Chinese students with little help, the quantitative results of the survey also showed a very state of non Chinese students in Chinese acquisition. Generally speaking, Chinese primary school is not ideal non Chinese students Chinese learning environment.
The opening of the Malaysia national primary school Chinese elective class, is the implementation of the government of Malaysia in recent years to promote Chinese education policy, hope that through the implementation of teaching Chinese as a second language, learning Chinese of all ethnic groups to encourage students to actively. This study from the basic status of elementary Chinese class teaching, and acquisition, analyze three aspects. According to the results of the survey, the national primary school opened Chinese language class, basically accords with the principle of two language teaching, Chinese learning environment is non niche Chinese. However, the survey also found that, at this stage of Hua Wen class no matter in language policy, curriculum, teaching materials, teacher and classroom teaching, there are still the very big promotion space.
In addition, the author used the statistical analysis of the questionnaire data acquisition SPSS17.0 level of non Chinese students, and reveals the relationship between the various learning variables and teacher evaluation. Statistics show that the affective factors of national primary school non Chinese students learning Chinese, cognitive style and classroom language environment, will directly affect the teachers' evaluation of their Chinese learning.
This study is in the Chinese International Education under the background of the Sarawak Chinese language teaching more area to appear as a whole. The study recorded mainly for the learning situation, hope this research can provide for the future of Chinese education specific reference and reference value, this paper also hope to make a contribution in promoting the process of Chinese international communication.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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