三字格惯用语的悖词汇化

发布时间：2018-03-03 12:06

本文选题：三字格惯用语　切入点：悖词汇化　出处：《宁波大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉语三字格惯用语的悖词汇化现象明显，和三音节复合词有本质的区别，所以它们分属两个不同的领域。本文是在严格区分词汇和语汇的前提下，运用语汇的理论思想方法来研究惯用语悖词汇化问题的。引论部分首先给出自己对狭义惯用语的理解，确定本文的研究对象为三字格的动宾型惯用语，接下来主要从三个方面做分析。一、从组合特点看，惯用语以三字格动宾组合为主要形式。在韵律层面上，，2+1式是一种紧结构，内部停延不明显，适于表现偏正关系；而1+2式组合较松散，内部停延时值较长，易于表现动宾关系。在此基础上，具体到一对典型结构即“V双+N单”与“V单+N双”的比较，通过分析它们内部各成员的特性，以及对大量语料的考察，更充分地证明“V单+N双”式各成分间结合松散，成词可能性较小。从语言的认知角度分析，“V单+N双”是一个认识及表述过程，具有思想认识的叙述性，必然涉及两个语义焦点，需要通过明显的内部停延来凸显焦点，而“V双+N单”更多的是表示一种事物、现象，具有词义的整体性，自然不会有明显的停延。惯用语以“V单+N双”为主要结构形式，由一个动作和它的连带成分这两大语义焦点共同完成叙述的过程，词汇化的程度极低。二、从表义的角度分析，惯用语语义的理解涉及字面意义和深层的隐喻意义两个方面，用词简明，所指深刻。惯用语语义的形成是字面意义向深层意义映射的过程，因而惯用语比喻意义不是直接提取的，是可构造的，也证明惯用语与词在人们的心里词典中存储的方式不同。三、从社会性特点看，惯用语由劳动人民创造出来，表达他们的思想认识及情感。做为一种语言现象，惯用语的社会性特点在交际过程中渐渐地得到完善，从而更好地满足社会的需求。下层劳动人民生活不易，自然会对社会阴暗面和人性的丑恶面发出批判和讥讽之声，因而多数惯用语用叙述的方式传达出浓厚的贬义色彩。惯用语在日常交际中非常流行，密切反映着民生动态，也承载着社会群体对这一语言现象的共同认识。
[Abstract]:The contrary lexicalization of Chinese three-character idioms is obviously different from three-syllable compound words, so they belong to two different fields. The introduction first gives his own understanding of narrow idioms, and determines that the object of this study is three-character verb-object idioms. Next, mainly from three aspects to do the analysis. First, from the point of view of the combination characteristics, the main form of idioms is the three-character case, verb-object combination. At the prosodic level, type 21 is a compact structure, and the internal stopping is not obvious, so it is suitable for the expression of biased relations, while the 12 type is looser. On the basis of this, the comparison of a pair of typical structures, namely "V double N single" and "V single N double", is carried out to analyze the characteristics of their internal members, as well as the investigation of a large number of data. It is more fully proved that the combination of "V single N and double" elements is loose and the possibility of word-forming is relatively small. From the perspective of language cognition, "V single N double" is a process of cognition and expression, which has the narrative of thought cognition. Inevitably involves two semantic focal points, needs to highlight the focus through the obvious internal stop, and "V double N single" is more representative of a kind of thing, phenomenon, with word meaning integrity, Naturally, there is no obvious delay. The idiom takes "V single N and double" as the main structural form, and the process of narration is completed by two semantic focus, one action and its associated components, and the degree of lexicalization is very low. Second, from the point of view of meaning, the understanding of idiom semantic involves two aspects: literal meaning and deep metaphorical meaning. The meaning of idiom is simple and profound. The formation of idiom semantics is the process of mapping literal meaning to deep meaning. Therefore, the figurative meaning of idioms is not directly extracted and can be constructed. It also proves that idioms and words are stored in different ways in people's mental dictionaries. Third, from the point of view of social characteristics, idioms are created by the working people to express their thoughts and feelings. As a linguistic phenomenon, the social characteristics of idioms are gradually improved in the process of communication. In order to better meet the needs of society, the lower working people will naturally criticize and ridicule the dark side of society and the ugly side of human nature when life is not easy. As a result, most idioms convey a strong derogatory color by way of narration. Idioms are very popular in daily communication, closely reflect the livelihood of the people, and also bear the common understanding of this linguistic phenomenon among social groups.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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