《HSK词汇大纲》中的单音反义实词及其教学研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 15:00

本文选题：单音反义实词　切入点：语法特点　出处：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：反义词作为汉语词汇系统中的一个重要组成部分,在很大程度上影响着语言的使用与表达。反义词的重要作用以及自身的独特性,吸引了众多学者的讨论与研究。目前,关于反义词的研究主要集中在反义词的成词条件、类型特点以及反义词组义反双方的不均衡性等方面。在汉语反义词的学习过程中,留学生经常会遇到各种各样的问题,因此,反义词的教学与学习也成为了对外汉语教学中的一个难点。纵观已有的研究,大都集中在双音节反义词、反义形容词以及一些特定著作中的反义现象,很少有人对《HSK词汇大纲》中的反义词做专门的研究,也没有人对《HSK词汇大纲》中的单音反义实词作全面的统计与分析。鉴于此,本文将从汉语本体的相关理论出发,全面统计《HSK词汇大纲》中的单音反义实词,进而对所统计出来的单音反义实词词组做相关的分析,然后再针对当前对外汉语教材中关于反义词教学这一部分所存在的问题,提出自己的教学建议与编写建议,以期对留学生在学习汉语反义词时提供一定的帮助。论文的第一部分结合目前的研究成果对反义词的定义、成词标准、反义词的类型等问题做一些梳理。综合众多学者的观点以及人们的语言使用习惯,决定本文所选用的判定标准与分类方法。本文将采用穷尽式的统计方法,整理出大纲中所有的单音反义实词的数量,然后对它们进行归类,再从词性的角度详细分析各类反义词的特点。对所统计出来的单音反义词组的分析将从宏观和微观两个角度展开。宏观上,概括出这些反义词整体所呈现出来的特点；微观上则重点分析单音反义实词词组的特点。词汇教学在汉语教学的地位举足轻重,而它的一个重要组成部分——反义词教学,长久以来并没有受到足够的重视,这也直接导致了留学生在学习汉语时遇到了不少的问题。纵观目前的对外汉语教材,反义词部分的教学设计或者简单粗糙或者没有。鉴于此,本文将结合大纲中单音反义实词的特点,对当前的反义词教学与教材部分的编写提出相关的策略与建议。教学策略主要从不同的学习阶段和不同词类这两方面的具体教学方法展开；对教材编写的建议则主要包括生词的释义、课文的选编以及练习的设计等几个方面。
[Abstract]:Antonyms, as an important part of the Chinese lexical system, to a large extent affect the use and expression of language. The important role of antonyms and their own uniqueness have attracted many scholars to discuss and study. The researches on antonyms mainly focus on the conditions of antonym formation, the characteristics of antonym types and the imbalance between antonyms and antonyms. In the process of learning Chinese antonyms, foreign students often encounter various problems. Therefore, the teaching and learning of antonyms has become a difficulty in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Most of them focus on dicyllabic antonyms, antonyms and antithetical adjectives, as well as some antithetical phenomena in certain works. Very few people do special research on the antonyms in the outline of HSK Vocabulary. No one has made a comprehensive statistic and analysis of monosyllabic antisense notional words in the outline of HSK Vocabulary. In view of this, this paper, based on the relevant theories of Chinese Noumenon, will comprehensively count the monosyllabic antisense notional words in the outline of HSK Vocabulary. Then the author makes a related analysis of the monosyllabic and antonym phrases, and then puts forward his own teaching suggestions and writing suggestions in view of the problems existing in the teaching of antonyms in the current teaching materials of Chinese as a foreign language. In order to provide some help to foreign students in learning Chinese antonyms. The first part of the thesis combs the definition of antonym, the standard of word formation, the type of antonym and so on. The criteria and classification methods selected in this paper are determined. In this paper, we will use exhaustive statistical method to sort out the number of monosyllabic antonyms in the outline, and then classify them. From the point of view of part of speech, the characteristics of various antonyms are analyzed in detail. The statistical analysis of monosyllabic antonyms will be carried out from both macro and micro perspectives. Microscopically, the characteristics of monosyllabic antisense semantic phrases are analyzed. Vocabulary teaching plays an important role in the teaching of Chinese, and the teaching of antonyms, an important part of it, has not been paid enough attention to for a long time. This has directly led to a lot of problems for foreign students in learning Chinese. Looking at the current teaching materials for Chinese as a foreign language, the teaching design of the antonym section is either simple or crude or not. In view of this, This paper will combine the characteristics of monosyllabic antisense words in the outline, This paper puts forward some relevant strategies and suggestions for the current teaching of antonyms and the compilation of textbooks. The teaching strategies are mainly carried out from two aspects: different learning stages and different parts of speech. The suggestions for the compilation of textbooks include the interpretation of new words, the selection of texts and the design of exercises.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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