《国语》和《战国策》构词词素比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 05:17

本文选题：构词词素　切入点：构词数量　出处：《山东师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《国语》和《战国策》是先秦重要的历史典籍。论文以先秦时期《国语》和《战国策》中构词词素作为研究对象，综合现代语言学理论和方法中的定量与定性、共时与历时相结合等研究方法，借鉴散见于词汇学专书以及一些复音词研究的论文中对上古汉语构词词素的研究成果，从构词数量、构词位置和构词类型三个方面对《国语》和《战国策》中的构词词素进行分析，从历时的角度对两个时期的构词词素进行比较，为研究先秦汉语词汇从以单音词为主过渡到以复音词为主提供一点有价值的资料。论文主体分为四个部分。第一章首先确定了对《国语》和《战国策》构词词素、复音词辨识的标准，其次通过表格的形式清晰地展示出《国语》和《战国策》构词词素的概貌。第二章通过对《国语》和《战国策》构成一般复音词（人名、地名等专有名词和连绵词除外）的词素进行穷尽性的综合分析，我们从构词词素和构词词素义两个方面来比较分析《国语》和《战国策》构词词素的构词数量。由此可以得出一般性结论：一是《战国策》构成词素的构词能力比《国语》的明显增强；二是两本专著名词性词素的构词能力是最强的；三是《战国策》和《国语》相比，副词性词素和数词性词素等其他类词素都有了不同程度的发展；四是词素项所代表的意义出现时间的早晚及其存在的时间长短对构词能力会产生很大的影响。第三章通过将《国语》和《战国策》构词词素位置类型比较，我们可以看出，不论是按词素还是按词素义考察，《国语》和《战国策》词素在构词时位置都是不定位的，可前可后。第四章我们按照联合式、偏正式、动宾式、动补式、主谓式、附加式和重叠式七种词素的组合方式，对《国语》和《战国策》中构词方式进行比较分析可以看出：一是《国语》代表战国中前期，联合式、偏正式、动宾式、重叠式、主谓式和附加式构词法就已经开始出现了，而《战国策》代表的战国末期开始出现了补充式，尽管数量比较少，但我们可以看出汉语复合词的所有构词方式在战国末期已经初步成型；二是与《国语》相比，《战国策》中的联合式构词法的能产性出现了下降的趋势，但仍是能产性比较强的构词法之一；三是与《国语》相比，《战国策》中偏正式复合词的能产性同样出现了下降的趋势，同其它构词方法相比较，偏正式构词法是最灵活的，能产量也是最高的；四是与《国语》相比，《战国策》中动宾式构词法的能产性明显增强了，仅次于偏正式和联合式；五是与《国语》相比，《战国策》中主谓式构词法所占比例保持未变，通查这两个时期所代表的专书中，主谓式构词法的能产性同样没有表现出明显的增强趋势，也没有表现出明显的减弱趋势；六是与《国语》相比，，《战国策》中附加式构词法的能产性稍微呈现出下降的趋势。最后，综合论文考察分析的结果，得出论文的结论。
[Abstract]:"Mandarin" and "warring States Policy" are important historical books of the Pre-Qin Dynasty. This paper takes the morphemes of word-formation in the period of Pre-Qin and "the Policy of warring States" as the object of study, synthesizing the quantitative and qualitative analysis of modern linguistic theories and methods. Combining synchronic and diachronic research methods, using the research results of word-forming morphemes in ancient Chinese for reference, from the number of word-formation, This paper analyzes the morphemes of word-formation in Guoyu and Zhanguo Policy, and compares the morphemes of word-formation in the two periods from a diachronic point of view. This paper provides some valuable data for the study of the transition of Chinese vocabulary from monosyllabic words to polysyllabic words. The main body of the thesis is divided into four parts. The first chapter defines the criteria for the identification of word-forming morphemes and polysyllabic words in Mandarin and Zhanguo Policy. Secondly, it clearly shows the outline of word-forming morphemes in Guoyu and Zhanguo Policy through the form of tables. In Chapter two, the general polysyllabic words (personal names) are made up of "Guoyu" and "Zhanguo Policy". With the exception of proper nouns such as place names and continuous words), the morphemes of these words are analyzed in a comprehensive and exhaustive manner. We compare and analyze the number of word-formation morphemes from the aspects of word-formation morpheme and word-formation morpheme meaning. From this, we can draw a general conclusion: first, the word-formation ability of word-forming morpheme in "warring States Policy" Compared with Mandarin, it was obviously enhanced. The second is that the two monographs have the strongest ability of word formation, the third is that the adverb morpheme and the number of morphemes have developed in different degrees compared with the "warring States Policy" and "Mandarin". Fourth, the meaning of morpheme represents the time and the time of its existence will have a great impact on the ability of word-formation. In Chapter three, we can see by comparing the location types of morpheme between Guoyu and Zhanguo Policy. In terms of morphemes or morphemes, the positions of the morphemes "Guoyu" and "the warring States Policy" are not located in word-formation, but before and after Chapter 4th, we follow the Joint, partial formal, verb-object, verb-complement, subject-predicate, and subject-predicate forms. A comparative analysis of the combination of seven morphemes in "Mandarin" and "warring States Policy" shows that: first, "Mandarin" represents the middle and early stages of the warring States period, the joint type, the partial formality, the verb-object type, and the reduplication type. Subject-predicate and adjunctive word-formation have already begun to appear, and the late warring States period, represented by the "warring States Policy", began to appear in supplementary form, although the number is relatively small. However, we can see that all the word-formation methods of Chinese compound words have taken shape at the end of the warring States period. Secondly, compared with the "Mandarin", the productive ability of the joint word-formation in the "warring States Policy" has declined. But it is still one of the most productive word-formation methods. Third, compared with the "Mandarin", the productivity of the formal compound words in the "warring States Policy" has also decreased, and compared with other word-formation methods, the partial formal word-formation method is the most flexible. Fourth, compared with the "Mandarin", the "warring States Policy" in the verb-object type of word-formation obviously enhanced, second only to the partial formal and joint; Fifthly, compared with "Mandarin", the proportion of subject-predicate word-formation in the "warring States Policy" remains unchanged, and in the special books represented in these two periods, the productivity of subject-predicate word-formation has also not shown a clear trend of enhancement. The sixth is that compared with the "Mandarin", the additive word-formation in the warring States Policy shows a slightly decreasing trend. Finally, the conclusion of the paper is drawn by synthesizing the results of the paper investigation and analysis.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H141

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