来华俄罗斯留学生跨文化适应问题及应对策略

发布时间：2018-03-10 06:21

本文选题：俄罗斯留学生　切入点：中国文化　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于历史原因，中俄两国在很长一段时间内的交流并不频繁，再加上两国在政治、经济、文化及日常生活习惯等方面存在着诸多差异，因此，与来自英、美、日、韩和东南亚各国的留学生相比，来华俄罗斯留学生在跨文化适应方面遇到的困难与问题更多。但从目前学术研究情况看，大部分有关跨文化适应的研究多选取欧美留学生为研究对象，针对来华俄罗斯留学生跨文化适应方面的专项研究非常薄弱，因此，本研究以来华俄罗斯留学生为调查对象，分析其在中国的跨文化适应问题，并希望探索到有效的应对策略。本研究在参考前人的各种跨文化适应理论的基础上，通过问卷调查的方式，在山东师范大学、山东大学、河南师范大学、大连外语学院、新疆大学和长春理工大学共五所高校中进行了针对俄罗斯留学生的调查，，从生活状况、社会文化适应状况、对学校各方面的态度和跨文化适应对学习汉语动机的影响、心理状况等方面进行了比较详细、深入的分析。调查结果表明：第一，来华俄罗斯留学生的跨文化适应曲线模式并非完全符合Lysgaard提出的U形曲线理论，而取决于个体的性格特点、灵活性、成就动机、国外生活经验、母语文化和目的语文化的远近、国家政策等；第二，大多数来华俄罗斯留学生在跨文化适应时遇到了困难，其跨文化适应具有负面的表现；第三，来华俄罗斯留学生跨文化适应困难的原因在于生活条件、交通秩序、公共场所的卫生、价值观、生活习惯和汉语教学等方面；第四，一半左右的来华俄罗斯留学生对生活条件不满意，不过，因为学习动机比较强，而愿意接受一些困难；第五，俄罗斯留学生在适应中国文化过程中，遇到困难时，首先会向学校寻求帮助；第六，在中国遇到的困难会影响他们学习汉语的积极性。在问卷调查结果分析的基础上，笔者提出了对教学和留学生管理工作及学生自我提升的建议。减少来华俄罗斯留学生跨文化适应问题的应对策略可以分为三个方面：学校应对策略、教师应对策略、学生个人应对策略。希望这些分析与研究成果能够帮助来华俄罗斯留学生更快地适应中国的生活，并能为留学生管理部门提供一些参考。
[Abstract]:Due to historical reasons, the exchanges between China and Russia have not been frequent for a long time. In addition, there are many differences in politics, economy, culture and daily life habits between the two countries. Therefore, they are from Britain, the United States, and Japan. Compared with foreign students from Southeast Asian countries, South Korea has encountered more difficulties and problems in cross-cultural adaptation of Russian students coming to China. However, from the point of view of current academic research, Most of the studies on cross-cultural adaptation are based on European and American students, but the special research on cross-cultural adaptation of Russian students in China is very weak. Therefore, since this study, Russian students from China have been investigated. This paper analyzes the problem of cross-cultural adaptation in China and hopes to explore effective coping strategies. Based on the previous theories of cross-cultural adaptation, the present study was conducted in Shandong normal University, Shandong University, Henan normal University and Dalian Institute of Foreign languages. An investigation has been carried out in five universities of Xinjiang University and Changchun University of Science and Technology on the influence of living conditions, social and cultural adaptation, attitudes towards schools and cross-cultural adaptation on motivation for learning Chinese. The results show that: first, the cross-cultural adaptation curve model of Russian students in China does not fully conform to the U-shaped curve theory proposed by Lysgaard. It depends on the individual's personality, flexibility, motivation for achievement, experience in foreign life, the distance and proximity of mother tongue culture and target language culture, and national policies. Secondly, most Russian students who come to China encounter difficulties in cross-cultural adaptation. Third, the difficulties of cross-cultural adaptation of Russian students in China are due to living conditions, traffic order, public health, values, living habits and Chinese teaching. 4th, About half of the Russian students who came to China were not satisfied with their living conditions. However, because of their strong motivation, they were willing to accept some difficulties. In 5th, Russian students encountered difficulties in adapting to Chinese culture. First, ask for help from the school; 6th, difficulties in China will affect their enthusiasm for learning Chinese. Based on the analysis of the results of the questionnaire, The author puts forward some suggestions on teaching, management of foreign students and students' self-improvement. The strategies to reduce cross-cultural adaptation of Russian students in China can be divided into three aspects: coping strategies for schools, coping strategies for teachers, and so on. Students' personal coping strategies. It is hoped that these analysis and research results will help the Russian students to adapt to the life in China more quickly and provide some reference for the management department of foreign students.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195.3

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