智利学生汉语学习初级阶段语序偏误分析及教学对策

发布时间：2018-03-14 14:49

本文选题：汉语国际教育　切入点：智利学生　出处：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：母语为西班牙语的学习者,在习得汉语的过程中,由于受母语影响会发生语序的偏误。本文以智利的中学生,即以西班牙语为母语的汉语学习者为研究对象,通过对学生汉语学习初级阶段的课堂练习、作业、期中期末考试以及HSK1级考试内容的搜集和归纳,对其由于母语因素而引起的语序偏误进行研究,并针对这一偏误对汉语和西班牙语进行对比分析。同时,在分析和研究的基础上,就以西班牙语为母语的汉语学习者汉语教学中有关语序偏误的问题提出相应的教学对策和建议。全文共七章,第一章绪论阐述了文章的研究背景、意义和目标,并介绍了智利汉语教学情况和研究方法及语料来源。第二章对偏误分析理论进行阐述,对汉语和西班牙语的语序特点进行介绍并对语序偏误进行分类。第三章至第六章以研究对象的汉语学习进度为线索,从简单句、(?)中心语结构、时间和地点状语的使用以及疑问句等四个方面的语序偏误展开研究。每个方面又进行了具体分类,对每一种类型的句子进行分析,并从研究对象语序偏误的多条典型例句入手,从汉语和西班牙语两个层面对其进行对比分析并展开讨论。得出研究对象在汉语语序的学习中由于受到母语负迁移的影响,在简单句的表达中容易出现主语缺失、主语和谓语、谓语和宾语的位置颠倒；在定语+中心语结构中容易出现形容词和名词性定语与中心语位置的颠倒或多重定语位置颠倒的复杂情况；在使用时间状语和地点状语时,常出现状语后置或前置的语序偏误；而在疑问句的表达中,会常出现疑问词的语序使用错误或各种情况混合出现的语序颠倒问题。第七章将语料库中有关语序偏误相关数据进行了分类统计,就不同年龄段研究对象对汉语语序学习能力进行总结,得出随着研究对象年龄的增长,对于语序学习的领悟能力更强,并且在整个学习过程中,学生在最初级简单句的学习中语序偏误出现的最多,这些为以后的汉语语序教学提供了相应参考。由于汉语和西班牙语在语言的跨度上较大,在语序的表达上有很多不同之处,学生们很难不受其母语的影响而准确的学习和使用汉语。所以在教学过程中加强汉西两种语言的对比非常必要。本文从学生的角度出发,分析语序偏误产生的原因,预测学生在学习汉语语序过程中会遇到的问题和困难,并找到相应的教学对策,从根源上帮助他们克服母语的干扰,而达到减少学生在汉语运用中出现的语序偏误的目的。
[Abstract]:Spanish-speaking learners, due to the influence of their mother tongue, may have errors in word order in the process of acquiring Chinese. This paper focuses on middle school students in Chile, that is, Chinese learners with Spanish as their mother tongue. Through collecting and summarizing the contents of classroom exercises, homework, midterm final exam and HSK1 level examination in the primary stage of students' Chinese learning, this paper studies the word order bias caused by native language factors. At the same time, on the basis of the analysis and research, This paper puts forward some teaching countermeasures and suggestions on the problem of word order bias in the Chinese teaching of Spanish-speaking Chinese learners. The first chapter introduces the background, significance and goal of the research, and introduces the teaching of Chinese in Chile, the research methods and the source of the corpus. The second chapter expounds the theory of error analysis. This paper introduces the word order characteristics of Chinese and Spanish and classifies the word order bias. The use of adverbial adverbials of the head, time and place, and the errors in word order of the interrogative sentence are studied. Each aspect is classified and analyzed for each type of sentence. Starting with several typical examples of word order bias, this paper makes a comparative analysis and discussion between Chinese and Spanish. It is concluded that the study object is influenced by the negative transfer of mother tongue in the study of Chinese word order. In the expression of simple sentences, it is easy to appear the absence of subject, the position of subject and predicate, the position of predicate and object is reversed; In the structure of attributive head, the complex situation of the reversal of adjective and noun attribute and the position of head or multiple attributives is easy to occur, and when the adverbial of time and place is used, the error of word order of postposition or preposition of adverbial is often found. However, in the expression of interrogative sentences, the word order error of interrogative words or the reversal of word order caused by mixed situations often occur. Chapter 7th classifies the data related to word order errors in the corpus. This paper summarizes the learning ability of Chinese word order in different age groups, and draws a conclusion that with the age of the subjects, the comprehension ability of word order learning is stronger, and in the whole learning process, In the study of the most elementary simple sentences, the error of word order appears most frequently, which provides the corresponding reference for the teaching of Chinese word order in the future. Since Chinese and Spanish have a long span of language, there are many differences in the expression of word order. It is very difficult for students to learn and use Chinese correctly without being influenced by their mother tongue. So it is necessary to strengthen the contrast between Chinese and western languages in the teaching process. This paper predicts the problems and difficulties students will encounter in the process of learning Chinese word order, and finds out the corresponding teaching countermeasures to help them overcome the interference of their mother tongue from the root, so as to reduce the errors of word order in the use of Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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