南方汉语幼儿早期语言辅音时长的研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 15:22

本文选题：咿呀学语　切入点：早期语言　出处：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国内外学者已对语言的区别性特征之一时长进行了一系列的探讨，但对汉语低幼儿童语音的时长研究很少。本文通过对两名0;9-2;3月龄的南方汉语单语幼儿（一男一女）进行跟踪个案研究，探讨他们辅音的时长特征，目的在于为南方汉语幼儿早期语言发展提供系统的语音研究，并通过他们所揭示出的语音时长变化特征检验Jakobson (1941/1968)有关儿童早期语言发展的非连续性假说和Boysson-Bardies等人(1989)的早期交互假说，使人们对儿童的语音习得过程有更深入的认识。本文将具体探讨以下三个问题： 1）南方汉语幼儿的辅音时长变化是否随着年龄的增长而逐渐减小？ 2）性别是否对南方汉语幼儿的辅音时长有影响？ 3）基于发音方式，南方汉语儿童的辅音时长有何差异？在此项跟踪研究中，受试者是两名9个月至2岁3个月的长沙汉语幼儿，均为独生子女，身体健康，智力、听力和语言能力正常。在家中，南方汉语是主要的交际语言。录音和摄像每周一次，每次持续40-60分钟左右。摄像机型号是(SONY)HDR-HCI,录音笔型号为(SONY) ICD-SX35。所有语料均在自然状态下录制，录音和摄像由研究生在受试者家中完成，父母亲主要负责引导他们说话。本文共有76个时段录音和摄像，总计提取了836个有效辅音音段。此外，为了进行对比分析，我们对两名幼儿父母亲（女孩的父亲和男孩的母亲）的辅音也提取了共计300个有效辅音音段。全程分为六个年龄段：0;9-0;11,1;0-1;2,1;3-1;5,1;6-1;8,1;9-1;11,2;0-2;3。咿呀学语为0;9-0;11,词汇阶段为1;0-2;3。语料导入电脑之后，首先使用软件Cool Edit Pro（2.1版本）进行分音，然后使用软件Praat（5.1.37版本）对语音进行标注，最后使用脚本文件获取绝对时长。本文对语料采用严式国际音标标注，语音标注由本方向研究者完成，并由两名汉语语音专业研究者核对，内部信度达97.65%，外部信度达91.02%。本文主要有以下发现： 1）辅音时长和时长变化趋势两名幼儿的辅音时长和变化随着年龄的增长而出现逐渐缩短和减少的趋势,年龄越小辅音时长下降幅度越大，随年龄的增长下降幅度逐渐变小。但在大多数情况下，这种时长及其变化的缩短和减少并不是一致的，两者往往并不呈现相同的变化趋势。此外，女孩咿呀学语和早期词汇阶段的辅音时长并没有体现出显著差异，而男孩子的却有，因此对于幼儿语音发展的非连续性这一观点我们持怀疑态度。通过与父母亲的比较，我们发现幼儿在时长及其变异上的缩短和减少表现出一种向父母亲时长特点漂移的趋向性。 2）性别对幼儿辅音时长的影响在大多数情况下，女孩的时长相对要比男孩的长一些。基于两幼儿在六个年龄段里的辅音时长的对比分析，我们发现在0;9-1;5年龄段，女孩的辅音时长普遍比男孩长；而在1;6-1;9阶段，男孩的时长开始逐渐变长；到2;0-2;3阶段，男孩大部分的辅音时长要比女孩的长。在对幼儿父母亲辅音时长数据进行对比后，我们发现女孩父亲的时长相对也要比男孩母亲的时长要长一些，因此结果证实了父母亲的语言特征对幼儿语言发展有特定的影响。 3）基于发音方式的辅音音长差异从发音方式看，即使在不同的元音前面，两位幼儿辅音时长均呈现“不送气塞音擦音送气塞音浊音”的规律。这一规律与前人对成人辅音时长的研究结果(边音和鼻音不送气塞擦音和塞音擦音送气塞擦音和塞音)基本相似，唯一的不同点在于前人研究中成人的浊音时长最短，而本研究中浊音的时长要比其他辅音的更长。通过与幼儿的父母亲辅音时长进行对比后，我们发现他们的这一表现与成人是一致的，这一结果支持了早期交互假说。通过这一跟踪性研究，我们发现了南方汉语幼儿在语言发展上的一些时长特征，对非连续性假说持怀疑态度。通过与他们父母亲的对比，，我们也证实了父母亲对于幼儿语言的时长变化存在影响，支持了早期交互假说。
[Abstract]:The domestic and foreign scholars have been one of the distinctive features of the language for a long time to explore a series of Chinese young children, but the length of speech research is few. Based on the two 0; 9-2; 3 month old of the southern Chinese monolingual children (male and female) tracking case study, discuss their consonant length the characteristics, aims to provide speech research system for Southern Chinese children's early language development, and through the voice they reveal the time variation characteristics of Jakobson (1941/1968) on children's early language development non continuity hypothesis and Boysson-Bardies et al. (1989) the early interaction hypothesis, make people have a better understanding of the speech the acquisition of children. This article will discuss the following three questions:
1) does the change of consonant length of Chinese children in southern Chinese gradually decrease with the increase of age?
2) does gender have an impact on the consonant length of the Chinese children in the south?
3) based on the way of pronunciation, what is the difference between the consonant length of the Chinese children in the south?
In this study, the subjects were two and 9 months to 2 years and 3 months Changsha Chinese children are the only child, health, intelligence, hearing and language ability is normal. At home, the southern Chinese is the main communication language recording and video. Each week, each lasting 40-60 minutes. The type of the camera is (SONY) HDR-HCI recorder model (SONY) data were recorded in ICD-SX35. all natural state, recording and video by graduate students completed by the subjects in the home, parents are mainly responsible for guiding their talk.
This paper is divided into 76 periods of recording and video, a total of 836 effective extraction of consonant segment. In addition, in order to compare, we parents of two children (the father of the girl and the boy's mother) the consonants extracted a total of 300 valid consonant segment. The whole is divided into six age groups: 0; 9-0; 11,1; 2,1; 0-1; 3-1; 6-1; 5,1; 8,1; 11,2; 9-1; 0-2; 3. babbled10 0; 9-0; 11, 0-2; 1 stage vocabulary; after the 3. data into a computer, the first use of Cool software Edit Pro (version 2.1) are sound, then use the software Praat (5.1.37 version) of speech tagging, finally using the script file to obtain the absolute length. The corpus by strict international phonogram label, completed by the direction of speech tagging, and checked by the two Chinese speech professional researchers, the internal reliability was 97.65%, external reliability was 91.02%.
The main findings of this paper are as follows:
1) the change trend of consonant length and length
Two children's consonantal intervals and changes with age and gradually shorten and reduce the trend of younger age long consonants decreased, with the increase of age decreased smaller. But in most cases, the length and change of shortening and less is not same. They often do not show the same trend. In addition, the girl babbling and early words stage consonantal intervals do not reflect significant differences, while boys are, so for children's phonological development in non continuity of this view we skeptical. By comparing with the parents, we found that children in shorten the long and variation and the decrease showed a tendency to drift long parents.
2) the influence of sex on the length of consonants
In most cases, when looking for girls than boys long. The comparative analysis of two children in the six age of the consonantal intervals based on, we found that in 0; 9-1; age 5, girls than boys generally long consonants long; and in 1; 6-1; 9 stage, boy the length of time get longer; 2; 0-2; 3 stage, most of the boys than girls long consonants long. In comparison of the parents of consonantal intervals after the data, we found that the girl's father looks on to the boy's mother when the length is longer, so the results confirmed the language characteristics of parents of children's language development has a specific effect.
3) differences in pronunciation based on consonant duration
From the pronunciation, even in front of the different vowels, consonant length of two children showed a "unaspirated fricative voiced aspirated stops" rule. The results of this Law and the predecessors of the adult consonant length (lateral nasal and unaspirated affricates and fricative affricates and stops sending gas basic) similar, the only difference is that adults in previous studies when the length of the shortest voiced, and voiced in the study time longer than other consonants. With parents consonantal intervals for comparison, we found that they are adults and the table is the same, the results support the early interaction hypothesis.
Through this longitudinal research, we found the Southern Mandarin children's language development on some of the characteristics of long, skeptical of non continuity hypothesis. By comparing with their parents, we also confirmed the parents for a long time are changes in children's language, support the hypothesis of early interaction.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H193.1

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