空间形容词“高”的语义认知研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 17:06

本文选题：空间形容词　切入点：意象图式　出处：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：认知语言学认为，空间对人们来说是具体可感知的，人们对外部世界的认识是以空间概念为基础的，汉语中很多非空间的概念都是由空间概念隐喻而来的。因此，空间词语一直是语言学研究的重点，空间形容词是其中的一类词，具有[+上向]语义特征的“高”是唯一一个既可以表示物体本身，也可以表示物体位置的空间形容词，本文选择“高”做认知语义角度的个案研究。为了充分理解和分析“高”的基本义，本文在前人研究的基础上，根据认知语言学的家族相似性理论，归纳了空间形容词的区别性语义特征。“高”具有[+方向][+上向][+一维][±位置][-横剖面][+超过性]的区别性语义特征。根据词典和语料库的例句中，我们归纳了“高”全部义项，，包括空间领域的基本义、非空间领域的隐喻义和标量转喻义，根据认知语言学的词义分析理论、意象图式理论、隐喻理论和转喻理论，我们依次分析了“高”在各个非空间领域隐喻投射、转喻投射的动因和途径。由于“高”具有两个反义词“低”和“矮”，也是空间形容词，我们试图找出“高”与“低”、“矮”在语义、语用、词法句法等方面的不对称现象，并根据区别性语义特征找出不对称现象的原因，以弥补以往研究的空白。我们希望将研究思路扩展到整个空间形容词范畴，“高”的研究成果可以为空间形容词的类型学的研究、一词多义现象的研究，现代汉语隐喻现象的研究提供参考，为现行的对外汉语教学提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Cognitive linguistics holds that space is concretely perceptible to people, that people's understanding of the external world is based on the concept of space, and that many non-spatial concepts in Chinese are derived from conceptual metaphors of space. Spatial words have always been the focus of linguistic research, and spatial adjectives are one of them. "Gao", which has the semantic characteristics of [upward], is the only spatial adjective that can represent both the object itself and the position of the object. This paper chooses Gao as a case study from the perspective of cognitive semantics. In order to fully understand and analyze the basic meaning of "Gao", this paper based on the previous studies, according to cognitive linguistics family similarity theory, The distinguishing semantic features of spatial adjectives are summarized. "Gao" has the distinguishing semantic characteristics of [direction] [one dimensional] [卤position] [-cross section] [surpassing]. According to the examples of dictionaries and corpus, we conclude all the meanings of "Gao", including the basic meaning of the spatial domain, the metaphorical meaning and the scalar transfer of the meaning in the non-spatial domain, and according to the theory of word meaning analysis in cognitive linguistics, the theory of image schema. Metonymy theory and metonymy theory, we analyze the motivation and approach of metonymy projection and metonymy projection in various non-spatial domains. Because "Gao" has two antonyms "low" and "short" and is also a spatial adjective, we try to find out the asymmetry between "Gao" and "low" and "short" in semantic, pragmatic, lexical and syntactic aspects. In order to make up for the gaps in previous studies, the causes of asymmetric phenomena are found out according to the distinguishing semantic features. We hope that the research ideas will be extended to the whole category of spatial adjectives. The research results of "Gao" can provide a reference for the study of the typology of spatial adjectives, the polysemy of one word, and the metaphorical phenomena in modern Chinese. To provide a theoretical basis for the current teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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