汉英双重否定范畴研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 01:07

本文选题：双重否定　切入点：范畴　出处：《首都师范大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：双重否定作为语言中普遍而复杂的语言现象,历来受到国内外语言学家的关注。学者们探讨了双重否定的结构类型、语义关系、表肯定的条件等。但到目前为止,在很多问题上还没有达成共识。鉴于此,我们依托会话含义理论,运用形式化分析手段,对汉英双重否定范畴进行深入、系统的研究,旨在通过句法和语义特征的描写,找出两种语言在双重否定范畴方面的共性以及存在的一些差异,从而对双重否定这一语言现象的认识进一步深化。全文共分8章。第1章绪论。在介绍论文的选题背景、研究方法及语料来源的基础上,重点对研究对象及理论依据进行了阐述。第2章双重否定的界定。评述了国内外学者对汉语及英语双重否定语言现象的界定、划分标准及范围方面的研究,指出其贡献和不足,并尝试对双重否定进行重新定义。借助语义对立关系、矛盾关系及语义强度等级概念,将双重否定与肯定之间的对应关系公式化,对一些易混的非双重否定结构进行理据分析。第3章双重否定的范畴。将语用因素及惯用表达纳入到双重否定范畴中,以莱文森三层次意义理论为纲,将汉英双重否定范畴划分为语义双重否定及语用双重否定,并同时分出语用双重否定的两个次范畴,从双重否定的静态描写逐渐转向动态分析。与此同时,提出语境关联度的概念,阐述各个范畴与语境之间的距离。第4章语义双重否定及句法体现。语义双重否定涉及否定标记的字面义或逻辑义,根据两个否定标记是否均为显性否定词将语义双重否定的两个子类划分为显性型和隐性型,显性型语义双重否定进一步分类的基础是逻辑式中是否可直接显现“(?)((?)p)”或“(?)(?)p”并使否定意义取消,隐性语义双重否定主要由显现否定标记及隐性否定词或隐性否定结构结合而构成。在分析汉语和英语语料的基础上,对显性和隐性语义双重否定及子类进行逻辑语义描写,并探讨其句法特征及允准条件。第5章语用双重否定及句法体现。语用双重否定是依赖语用否定手段或语境因素来判定的一种双重否定结构。依据莱文森三层次意义理论中的话语类型意义及话语实例意义,把语用双重否定的两个类别命名为类型型和实例型。类型型语用双重否定按照惯用句法结构分为反问类和祈使类两个子类,实例型语用双重否定在语境因素的作用下,通过显性或隐性否定词与语境中的否定标记结合起来表达否定之否定。在对语用双重否定的子类及更小的类别的句法体现进行分析的同时,探讨肯定语义的来源。第6章双重否定范畴的语义关联及定位。通过会话的语义特征和语义定位,把双重否定的范畴关联起来。按照标记理论,它们的标记程度不同,基本按照语义双重否定、类型型语用双重否定和实例型语用双重否定的顺序,标记度逐渐递增。第7章双重否定范畴的语用功能及语用动因。首先考察了双重否定表示低调陈述及超量肯定的功能,其次运用莱文森三原则中的方式准则、量准则,以及礼貌策略和回声用法来分析双重否定的语用动因。第8章结语。总结全文所做的主要工作和得出的结论,概述论文的研究价值及创新之处,并指出今后的努力方向。
[Abstract]:Double negative language as a common and complicated language phenomenon, has always been the attention of linguists at home and abroad. The scholars discussed the structure type, double negative semantic relation, form certain conditions. But so far, on many issues have not reached consensus. In view of this, we rely on the theory of Conversational Implicature, application form chemical analysis methods, in-depth on the two double negation, systematic research, aims at the syntactic and semantic features description, find out the common aspects of the double negation in two languages and some differences exist, and understanding of the double negation of this linguistic phenomenon further deepened.
The full text is divided into 8 chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction. On the basis of introducing the background of the topic, the research method and the source of the corpus, the research object and the theoretical basis are expounded.
The second chapter: the definition of double negative. Review of domestic and foreign scholars on Chinese and English double negation language definition, research scope and standards, and points out its contributions and shortcomings, and try to double negative redefinition. By means of semantic relations and semantic opposites, contradictions between the concept of strength, double negation and certainly the relationship formula, some mixed and non double negative structure motivation analysis.
The third chapter of the double negative category. Pragmatic factors and idiomatic expressions into double negation, based on Levinson theory of meaning of three levels as the key link, will be divided into semantic category in Chinese and English double negation double negation and pragmatic double negation, two categories and at the same time, pragmatic double negation, double negation from the static description gradually shift dynamic analysis. At the same time, put forward the concept of context correlation between each category and context, this distance.
The fourth chapter of semantic and syntactic semantic expression. Double negation double negation involving negation marker literal or logical meaning, according to whether two negative markers were dominant negative word semantic double negative two sub divided into dominant and recessive, dominant semantic double negation further classification is based on whether the direct manifestation can the logic "(?) ((?) P)" or "(?) (?) P" and the negative meaning canceled, latent semantic double negation is mainly composed of apparent negative markers and recessive negation or implicit negation structure combination. Based on analysis of Chinese and English corpus, the the explicit and implicit semantic double negation and sub categories of logical semantic description, and discuss the syntactic features and conditions.
The fifth chapter uses double negation and syntactic pragmatic expression. Double negation is a double negation on pragmatic negation means or contextual factors to determine. Examples based on the utterance type meaning and discourse meaning of Levinson theory of meaning of three levels in the two kinds of pragmatic double negative type and don't named instance type. Ask for a double negative pragmatic type class and class two sub categories according to the usual imperative syntax structure, examples of double negation in the context of pragmatic factors, combined with the negative expression of negation of negation marker words and context by explicit or implicit syntactic. In a subclass of pragmatic and smaller double negative categories expression analysis at the same time, to explore the source of affirmation semantics.
The semantic association and location of the sixth chapter of double negative category. Through the semantic features and the location of the session, associating the double negative category. According to the theory of markedness, marking their different degree, in accordance with the basic semantic type double negation, double negation and pragmatic example of pragmatic double negative sequence labeling degree increased gradually.
Pragmatic functions and pragmatic motivation of double negative category. The seventh chapter firstly inspects the double negation of understatement and excess positive function, by using Levinson criterion, the three principles of method principle, pragmatic motivation and politeness strategy and to analyze the usage of double negative echo.
The eighth chapter concludes the main work and conclusions of the full text, summarizes the research value and innovation of the paper, and points out the future direction.

【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H04

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