“很”、“太”的共时与历时考察

发布时间：2018-03-18 15:19

本文选题：“很/太”　切入点：语义　出处：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文主要从共时与历时层面对程度副词“很/太”进行考察与研究。在共时层面上，对“很/太”的组合成分、句法功能、句式选择、外部形式等展开论述，并力图用构式语法理论分析出“很/太+X”结构的语义制约条件等。在历时层面上，对“很”、“太”的语义、组合功能、句法功能等历时演变情况展开论述。包括绪论和结语在内，，本文共有五章。第一章为绪论，主要对“很/太”的研究现状和背景进行了简要概述，并对本课题的研究目的、研究方法与语料来源等相关情况进行说明。第二章对“很/太”进行共时层面的考察与研究。研究发现“很/太”在短语和句子层面存在着统一和对立之处。（一）在短语层面，“很/太”都可以修饰形容词、心理动词、性质凸显类动词、性质蕴涵类动词及动宾短语、偏正短语、兼语短语和联合短语，而且语义越抽象的、性状义越明显的越能受副词“很/太”修饰。同时，“很”、“太”一般不能与带有“着、了、过”时态助词的短语组合。但总体上来看“太”的组合面要比“很”窄，如“太”不能修饰特殊数量短语、动补短语中“V得C”格式等。此外，“很”、“太”与这些成分组合时其优先序列上也存在着差异。（二）在句子层面上，“很/太”在句表形式、句法功能和句类句式的选择上也呈现差异性。如：句表形式存在着“了”、“的”、“过于”的对立；在句法功能上存在着能否充当状语的对立，在句类句式上对感叹句、祈使句、“把”/被”字句的选择上存在着对立。同时，“很”、“太”在组合能力和“很/太+X”的句法功能的优先序列上也存在着统一性和对立性。第三章从语义角度对“很”、“太”在句法组配、句法功能上呈现出的统一性和对立性进行分析，梳理出两者相融性和区别性的语义特征，并在此基础上运用构式语法理论分析“很/太+X”的构式义及其语义制约条件。当组合成分“X”与“很”、“太”的语义特征相匹配时，则“很/太+X”语义相融，形成一种例示关系。相反，若语义不相容时，则通过语义压制使之获得可能性的语义特征，实现语义和谐的效果。而且这些具有相同或相似性语义特征的成分进入“很/太+X”构式中，形成了一个家族式的网络。第四章从历时的层面对“很/太”进行考察，勾勒出语义、组合成分、句法功能的演变轨迹。在语义上“很”经历了从动词到程度副词的语法化历程，“太”从先秦时开始就有了程度副词的用法，其发展稳定。在组合成分和句法功能上，“很”、“太”呈现出“丰富化”和“复杂化”的趋势，但其语法性质整体上趋于稳定发展。第五章为结语，概括了全文主要内容，指出了文章不足之处及需进一步研究的部分。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the synchronic and diachronic aspects of the degree adverb "very / too" are investigated and studied. At the synchronic level, the composition, syntactic function, sentence pattern choice and external form of "very / too" are discussed. It also tries to analyze the semantic constraints of the "very / too X" structure by using the theory of construction grammar. On the diachronic level, it discusses the diachronic evolution of the semantics, combinatorial functions and syntactic functions of "very" and "Tai". Including introduction and conclusion, there are five chapters in this paper. The first chapter is the introduction, mainly to the "very / too" research status and background of a brief overview, and the purpose of this research, research methods and data sources and other related situations are explained. The second chapter investigates and studies the synchronic aspect of "very / too". It is found that there is a unity and opposition between "very / too" at the level of phrase and sentence. (1) at the level of phrase, "very / too" can modify adjectives and psychological verbs. The more abstract the meaning is, the more abstract is the meaning of the verb, the verb and the verb-object phrase, the positive phrase, the paraphrase phrase and the joint phrase. The more obvious the meaning of a trait is, the more it can be modified by the adverb "very / too". At the same time, "very" and "too" can not be combined with phrases with "too," or "too," but in general, the combination of "too" is narrower than that of "very". For example, "too" can not modify a special number of phrases, "V de C" in a verb-complement phrase, and so on. In addition, there are differences in the priority sequence between "very" and "Tai" when combined with these components. (2) at the sentence level, "very / too" is in the form of a sentence. There are also differences in the choice of syntactic functions and sentence types. For example, there are the opposites of "already", "too" and "too" in the form of sentence tables, and whether they can act as adverbials in syntactic functions, and exclamatory sentences in sentence types. At the same time, there is unity and opposites in the priority sequence of combination ability and syntactic function of "Da" and "Tai X" in imperative sentence, "Ba" / "Bei" sentence and in the choice of "Ba / Bei" sentence, at the same time, "very" and "Tai" also have unity and opposition in the priority sequence of syntactic function of "very / too X". The third chapter analyzes the unity and opposites in syntactic combination and syntactic function from the semantic point of view, and combs out the semantic characteristics of the fusion and distinction between the two. On the basis of this, the construction meaning of "very / too X" and its semantic constraints are analyzed by using the theory of construction grammar. When the combined component "X" matches the semantic features of "very" and "Tai", the semantic meaning of "very / too X" melts. Form an illustrative relationship. On the contrary, if the semantic is incompatible, the semantic feature that makes it possible through semantic suppression, Moreover, these elements with the same or similar semantic characteristics are entered into the "very / too X" structure, forming a family network. Chapter 4th examines "very / too" from a diachronic perspective, outlining semantics, composition, The evolution of syntactic function. Semantically "very" experienced the grammaticalization process from verb to degree adverb, and "Tai" had the usage of degree adverb since the pre-Qin Dynasty. In terms of composition and syntactic functions, "very" and "too" show a tendency of "enrichment" and "complexity", but their grammatical properties tend to develop steadily as a whole. Chapter 5th is the conclusion, summarizes the main contents of the paper, points out the shortcomings of the article and the part that needs further study.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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