助词“给”的发展变化研析

发布时间：2018-03-19 15:49

本文选题：语法化　切入点：助词　出处：《湖北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文将从历时研究和语例分析的基础上,来揭示助词“给”的由来、语法化过程及其语法化程度等现象。将通过两条线路来显示其发展变化过程： 1、“给我”作为命令语气词发展变化的线路：从语法化的词汇替代现象可以看到,在明代文献中,出现的大量的“与我”表命令语气,后在清代文献中直接被替代成“给我”表命令语气。清代表示命令语气的“给我”发展到现当代汉语中大量使用以及出现了“给(我)”式的过程。这个语法化过程显示出语气的语用表达对助词“给”的影响。 2、“给”单独用于动词前不表示语义,不与后面的动词有结构关系的助词发展变化的线路：清代介词“给”开始大量使用,同时介词“与”则大幅度被替代。而在清代文献中,介词“给”直接省略宾语NP用在动词前的用法首次出现了；该现象是与之相应的介词“与”所不曾出现过在明代文献中的。此时笔者把清代出现的这种用法看作是助词“给”产生的萌芽期。继清代以后,“给”单独用在动词前的现象继续发展变化。到现当代文献中,通过语例显示,“给”已经不表示具体的结构关系,而只是起强调作用用于动词前,同时也没有具体的实义。笔者把现当代时期产生的这种用法看作是助词“给”用法稳固的完成时期。从清代到现当代这个时间段内,助词“给”的发展变化充分地显示出宾语省略对助词“给”产生的影响。通过以上分析以及文献实例,可以看出,助词“给”的的源头和发展机制,及其具体的发展历程。
[Abstract]:On the basis of diachronic research and case study, this paper will reveal the origin, grammaticalization process and grammaticalization degree of the auxiliary word "giving". 1, "give me" as a command mood word for the development of the line:. From the grammaticalization of lexical substitution, we can see that in the literature of the Ming Dynasty, there are a large number of "and I" forms of command mood, After the Qing Dynasty literature was directly replaced by the "give me" command mood. The Qing Dynasty to express the command tone of the "give me" developed into modern and contemporary Chinese, and the emergence of "to (I)" type of process. This grammaticalization. Cheng shows the influence of pragmatic expression of mood on the auxiliary word "give". (2) the way in which "give" is used separately before a verb to indicate no semantic meaning, and does not have a structural relationship with the following verb:. In Qing Dynasty, the preposition "Zai" began to be used extensively, and the preposition "and" was replaced to a large extent. In the literature of the Qing Dynasty, the preposition "Zi" directly omitted the object NP in the use of the verb for the first time; This phenomenon is the corresponding preposition "he" has not appeared in the literature of the Ming Dynasty. At this time, the author regards the usage of the Qing Dynasty as the budding period of the auxiliary word "to". After the Qing Dynasty, the phenomenon of "giving" in front of verbs continued to develop and change. In modern and contemporary literature, it is shown by examples that "giving" has not indicated specific structural relations, but only played an important role in the use of verbs. At the same time, there is no concrete meaning. The author regards the usage of the modern and contemporary period as a period of steady completion of the use of the auxiliary word "give". During the period from Qing Dynasty to modern times, the development and change of auxiliary word "Zhe" fully shows the influence of object ellipsis on the auxiliary word "Zhe". Through the above analysis and the literature examples, we can see the source and development mechanism of the auxiliary word "giving" and its specific development course.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.2

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