语境对实现口译效度的作用

发布时间：2018-03-20 07:16

本文选题：语境　切入点：效度　出处：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：口译作为跨文化交际的纽带，在社会发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。从政务谈判、商务洽谈到旅游、人际交往，口译无不扮演着重要的桥梁作用。因此，国内外学者非常重视对口译的研究，从构建初步的理论指导，到将口译置于心理学、社会学、认知学等学科研究，再到当前的跨学科研究，口译方面的研究逐渐全面、多元。在口译标准方面，中外学者已从各个角度进行阐述，观点主要集中于“忠实”、“迅速”、“传达主旨”等方面。赵彦春首度构建了“效度”与“口译”之间的联系，并提出公式“口译=趋同/趋异”，若趋同程度高，，趋异程度低，则口译效度高；若趋同程度低，趋异程度高，则口译效度低。此后，“效度”即成为评判口译任务是否圆满完成的重要标准。本文以实现口译交际效度为目标，详述了语境的各个层面，即语言语境与非语言语境等对成功传达说话者意图的重要作用。语言语境分为词、句、篇等三个层面，单词中的固定搭配、关系代词以及连词都有助于译员预测后续内容，并及时作出调整；在句法层面，中英两种语言都遵循上下文连贯原则，其中，中文在段落布局中通常采用“分总”的格式，而英文往往采用“总分”的格式，了解这一点也可以帮助译者顺利实现口译交际效度。在语篇层面，不同文体的演讲词以及话语中出现的冗余均可帮助译者判断说话者的意图，从而顺利将其传达给听众。非语言语境分为社会背景，主观因素和现场要素。社会背景一节主要展示了了解异国文化对译者成功传达说话者意图的重要作用。主观要素一节从说话者、译者和听众三者的主观层面剖析其对实现口译效度的作用。现场因素包括参与者、背景、主题、时间等方面，它们对译者了解并传达说话者意图同样具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:As a tie of cross-cultural communication, interpreting plays a more and more important role in social development. From government affairs negotiation, business negotiation to tourism, interpersonal communication, interpretation plays an important role. Scholars at home and abroad attach great importance to the study of interpreting, from the construction of preliminary theoretical guidance to the study of interpreting in psychology, sociology, cognition and other disciplines, and then to the current interdisciplinary research. The research on interpretation is gradually comprehensive and pluralistic. In terms of interpretation standards, Chinese and foreign scholars have elaborated from various angles, with their views mainly on "faithfulness", "rapidity" and "transmission of purport". Zhao Yanchun has for the first time established the relationship between "validity" and "interpretation". The formula "interpretation = convergence / divergence" is proposed. If the degree of convergence is high and the degree of divergence is low, the interpretation validity is high, and if the degree of convergence is low, the degree of convergence is high. From then on, "validity" becomes an important criterion for judging the success of interpreting tasks. This paper aims at achieving the communicative validity of interpreting, and elaborates on the various aspects of context. That is, linguistic context and non-linguistic context play an important role in the successful communication of the speaker's intention. Linguistic context is divided into three levels: word, sentence and text. The fixed collocation in the word, the relative pronoun and the conjunction are all helpful for the interpreter to predict the subsequent content. At the syntactic level, both Chinese and English follow the principle of contextual coherence. Understanding this point can also help the translator to achieve the communicative validity of interpretation. At the discourse level, different styles of speech and redundancy in the discourse can help the translator to judge the intention of the speaker. The non-linguistic context is divided into social context, The social background section mainly demonstrates the important role of foreign culture in the successful communication of the speaker's intention. The subjective aspects of the translator and the audience analyze their effects on the realization of interpretation validity. The field factors include participants, background, theme, time and so on. They also play an important role in the translator's understanding and communication of the speaker's intention.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059

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