汉语无定主语限制条件的事件语义学分析

发布时间：2018-03-20 22:19

本文选题：无定名词短语　切入点：事件论元　出处：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无定名词短语长期以来一直是语法学界的重点研究对象。研究者的兴趣主要集中在无定名词短语能否做主语这一现象上。先前的研究者认为，在汉语中，无定名词短语不能出现在主语位置上，因为主语必须是有定的；范继淹（1985）提出了反例，此后，大量的研究证明汉语无定名词短语能够做主语，而且这种情况并不罕见。对汉语无定主语的不同解释主要从句法限定(Lee1986, Tsai1994, Li1999)，句法-语义投射(Diesing1991,Cheng1992,Tsai2001),信息量制约(Xu1997),汉语缺乏时制(Huang2004)等角度出发，，取得了一定的研究成果。本文的研究主要围绕以下三个议题：第一，汉语无定主语的限制条件是什么？第二，英汉无定主语限制条件的差异？第三，如何运用戴维森假设解释具体的语言现象？针对以上三大议题，本文在事件语义学的框架下，从理论和实证两层面对其做出论证：（1）理论层面：本文将戴维森假设引入对汉语无定主语的讨论中，重点分析汉语无定主语的限制条件。我们认为，汉语无定主语的作用是引入一个变项，它与一个需要限制成分的谓语发生冲突，从而导致汉语无定主语句的不合语法。当句中的事件论元得到合适限制时，汉语无定主语就可以被接受。汉语和英语最大的差异就是：英语句子的事件论元总是受到时态的限制，而汉语则需要表示时间、地点和方式的状语成分来对句子中的事件论元起限制作用。运用戴维森假设解释普遍的语言现象时，立足点依然在于事件论元能否受到限制上。（2）实证层面：本文选取了两本小说—《在细雨中呼喊》（余华著）和《看上去很美》（王朔著）—作为语料分析，试图验证戴维森假设。研究结果表明，首先，汉语无定主语现象并不罕见；其次，无定主语句的限制条件包括表示时间、地点和方式的状语，其中，时间作为限制条件最为普遍。
[Abstract]:Indefinite noun phrases have long been the focus of grammatical research. The interest of researchers is mainly focused on whether they can be the subject of indefinite noun phrases. The indeterminate noun phrase can not appear in the subject position because the subject must be definite; Fan Qiyan (1985) proposed a counterexample. Since then, a great deal of research has proved that the Chinese asdeterminate noun phrase can be used as the subject. And this situation is not uncommon. Different interpretations of Chinese indefinite subjects are mainly from the angles of syntactic qualification (le 1986, Tsai1994, Li 1999 / 9), syntactic and semantic projection (1 / 91 / 1992), information restriction (Xu1997) and Chinese lack of time (Huang 2004), and some research results have been obtained. This paper focuses on the following three topics: first, what are the restrictions on the indefinite subject in Chinese? Second, the differences between English and Chinese indefinite subject restrictions? Thirdly, how to use Davidson hypothesis to explain specific linguistic phenomena? In view of the above three topics, this paper, under the framework of event semantics, demonstrates it from the theoretical and empirical aspects: the Davidson hypothesis is introduced into the discussion of the indefinite subject in Chinese. We think that the function of Chinese asdeterminate subject is to introduce a variable, which conflicts with a predicate that needs a restricted component. This leads to the ungrammatical nature of the indefinite subject sentence in Chinese. When the event argument in the sentence is properly restricted, The biggest difference between Chinese and English is that the event arguments of English sentences are always limited by tenses, while the Chinese language needs to express time. The adverbial elements of place and manner are used to restrict the event argument in a sentence. The standpoint still lies in whether the event argument can be restricted on the empirical level: this paper selects two novels called "shout in the drizzle" (by Yu Hua) and "looks beautiful" (by Wang Shuo) as the corpus analysis. The results of the study show that, first, the phenomenon of Chinese indefinite subject is not rare; secondly, the restrictions of the indefinite subject include adverbials representing time, place and manner, in which, Time is the most common constraint.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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