日常口语中的基本词汇

发布时间：2018-03-21 04:31

本文选题：基本词汇　切入点：口语语料库　出处：《中国语文》2011年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：基本词汇是语言中满足最基本表达需要所用的词汇。汉语基本词汇有多少?包括哪些词?这是词汇研究与汉语教学人员特别关心的问题,至今却没有明确的答案。本文采用基于语料库的定量分析方法,对汉语日常口语中的基本词汇进行了初步探索。结果表明,2550个词在83万字口语语料库中的文本覆盖率达到95%。这意味着,掌握2500左右的基本词汇就可以与汉语母语者展开话题广泛的日常对话。同时,丰富多彩的口语会话环境,为词汇的动态话语功能提供了一个生动的舞台,使得基本词汇中不仅有对客观物体、事件、性质进行静态描述的实词,而且也有很多表达动态人际功能和语篇功能的虚词、话语标记等。口语基本词汇的这些特点,从传统的书面语视角是难以看到的。这启发我们对传统的基本词汇判断方法进行重新思考与认识。只有把口语视角与书面语视角结合起来,才能对基本词汇的认识更进一步。
[Abstract]:The basic vocabulary is the vocabulary used to satisfy the most basic expression needs in the language. How many basic words are there in Chinese? What words are included? This is a question of particular concern to lexical researchers and Chinese teachers, but there is no clear answer yet. This paper adopts a corpus-based quantitative analysis method. This paper makes a preliminary exploration of the basic vocabulary in the daily spoken Chinese language. The results show that the text coverage of 2550 words in the 830,000 word oral corpus is 95%. At the same time, the rich and colorful spoken language environment provides a vivid stage for the dynamic discourse function of vocabulary. There are not only notional words that describe objective objects, events and properties, but also many functional words and discourse markers that express dynamic interpersonal and textual functions. It is difficult to see from the traditional perspective of written language, which inspires us to reconsider and understand the traditional judgment methods of basic vocabulary. Only by combining the perspective of spoken language with the perspective of written language can we further understand the basic vocabulary.
【作者单位】：新加坡国立大学中文系;
【基金】：新加坡教育部学术基金资助(AcRF-Tier1,No.R-102-000-046-112)
【分类号】：H136

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