事实终判:“来”字概数结构形义辨证

发布时间：2018-03-24 08:23

本文选题：“来”　切入点：概数结构　出处：《语言研究》2011年01期

【摘要】：本文讨论"十来(个)、三十来(碗)"之类表示概数的结构,包括两大部分。第一部分,讨论构造形式。一般认为,这类结构是"来"用在"数词或数量词"后边。本文指出,就数词而言,概数助词"来"只能出现在段位数词(十、百、千等)后边,个位数词(一、三、九等)不能直接跟"来"构成概数结构;就数量词而言,只有由度量衡单位构成的数量词才能进入这一结构。第二部分,讨论含义状况。在表义上,对于本数来说,这类结构是表示"略多"、"略少"还是"左右",学界意见严重分歧。本文通过深入细致的考察,认为最切合语言实际的概括是"左右"。现代汉语里肯定如此,近代汉语里应该也是如此。写作本文,强调一条原则:"事实终判"。即:以语言事实作为最终判定的权威依据。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we discuss the structure of the approximate number, which includes two parts. The first part deals with the form of construction. It is generally considered that this kind of structure is "come" after "numerals or quantifiers". It is pointed out in this paper, As far as numerals are concerned, the approximate auxiliary word "come" can only appear after the segment numerals (ten, hundred, thousand, etc.), and the single-digit words (one, three, nine, etc.) cannot directly follow "come" to form the approximate structure; in the case of quantifiers, Only quantifiers consisting of units of measure and measure are allowed to enter this structure. Part two, discussion of the status of meaning. This kind of structure means "slightly more", "slightly less" or "left or right", which is a serious difference of opinion. This article, through a thorough and careful investigation, thinks that the most practical generalization of language is "left and right". This is certainly the case in modern Chinese. The same should be true in modern Chinese. In writing this article, the author emphasizes a principle: "the final judgment of facts", that is, taking linguistic facts as the authoritative basis for final judgment.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“汉语小句联结机制研究”(08JJD740062)
【分类号】：H146

【共引文献】