《周礼》郑注双音词研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 04:56

本文选题：《周礼》郑玄注　切入点：双音词　出处：《鲁东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：东汉时期是汉语发展史上一个十分重要的阶段。汉语词汇的发展大致经历了原生阶段、派生阶段和合成阶段三个阶段。到两汉时期，合成造词取代了派生造词，，成为主要的造词方式，汉语双音词开始发展成熟，新词新义大量产生。同时，两汉时期，尤其是东汉，儒家经典注释大批出现，它们成为构建汉语词汇史的一个重要资料。东汉注释语料中，郑玄注占有重要地位。十三经注疏中，郑玄一人所注便占了四种。其《周礼注》一出，立即成为人们研读《周礼》的定本。郑玄注《周礼》，以汉制比况古制、以今语解释古语，郑注用语基本上反映了汉末的实际语言情况。对郑注中的词语进行详尽的描写并加以阐释，对于东汉词汇的断代研究和汉语词汇史的构建、辞书的编纂等都具有重要意义。本文以《周礼》郑注双音词为对象，通过建立语料库，以词汇学、训诂学、语义学的理论为指导，综合运用分类法、统计分析法、归纳法以及定性与定量相结合的方法对之进行研究，力图描绘出郑注双音词的基本面貌，并对其中所反映出的语言现象进行分析。本论文共分四章。第一章，概述《周礼》郑注的研究现状、本论文的研究意义和研究方法等。通过回顾前人时贤对《周礼》郑注在文字、训诂、辞书编纂等方面的研究情况，阐述本文以郑注双音词为研究对象的原因和重要性，揭示郑注双音词研究的意义，并对《周礼》郑注双音词的判定标准和操作方法进行了说明。第二章，《周礼》郑注合成词分析。主要包括两方面的内容：一是在语法结构的框架下，对《周礼》郑注合成词进行语义分析；二是对郑注中“字面普通而义别”的双音词进行了探讨。郑注双音词不仅数量丰富，构词形式也已基本成熟。除偏正式、并列式、动宾式、主谓式、补充式、附加式等基本语法结构之外，还出现了连动式、正偏式。其中，偏正式与并列式双音词的语义构成是我们分析的重点。郑注中偏正式双音词所占数量最多，双音词两语素之间的语义关系复杂多样，体现了偏正式双音词在表示新事物、新概念方面的灵活性和对汉语词汇表义精确化的适应性。并列式双音词的两语素不仅语义关系不同，意义层次也不同，一些双音词还有同素异序现象。郑注中的动宾式双音词主要是名词和动词，两语素之间的语义关系也相对多样。主谓式、连动式、补充式等双音词的数量在郑注中相对较少。附加式双音词中，作为前附加成分的只有“第”一个。“第”作为汉代新兴的前附加成分组成“第一”、“第二”等词后，在郑注中偶有后带名词的现象，证明了王力先生认为“第一”、“第二”等词表次序，后带名词的现象出现于汉末的观点。郑注中还有一些不能或不宜进行语法结构分析的双音词，本文对这些词进行了描写阐释。另外，郑注中有一些词的意义与其在现代汉语中的常用义、基本义不同，本文对这类“字面普通而义别”的双音词的成因进行了分析。第三章，《周礼》郑注联绵词分析。郑注中的单纯词全部为联绵词。联绵词在周秦时期即已大量产生，但主要出现在《诗经》、《楚辞》等诗歌韵文当中。汉代是联绵词产生的又一个高峰期，这是由于汉赋等文体的出现而产生的，这充分说明了联绵词的口语性质。郑玄在《周礼注》中，也用了一定数量的连绵词，这是一个值得注意的现象。本文从注释语言的特点上，对联绵词在注释用语中的情况进行了分析。由于古书注释主要是为读懂古籍服务的，因此注释家总会用当时人们熟悉易懂的较为口语化的词语去解释古籍中的疑难词语。郑注中联绵词的运用也不外乎此，其出现的语境主要有以下四种：作为注释语句的组成成分，与整句注释一起解释《周礼》语句；作为解释《周礼》中较难理解的词语的例子；作为《周礼》疑难词语的直接对译词；为《周礼》词语释音。其中，以第一种方式出现的联绵词最多。第四章，对论文研究情况的总结。我们在对《周礼》郑注双音词进行分析时，发现郑注双音词在商周、春秋战国、两汉这几个不同时期的典籍中均有出现，体现出郑注双音词的不同历史层次性。由于郑注双音词多为祭祀名、礼仪名、职官名、车服名、宫室名等，这些词主要是偏正结构和动宾结构，并列结构很少，故而偏正式双音词在郑注中数量最多。偏正式双音词两语素之间的语义关系有二十多种，下又可分为许多小类。丰富而复杂的语义关系显示出郑注中偏正式双音词发展的成熟。郑注中主谓式、连动式、动补式和附加式双音词的数量都很少。这或可说明汉语的结构造词法仍在发展之中。以现代汉语为参照，《周礼》郑注中有一些“字面普通而义别”的双音词，如“公牛”、“夫家”、“总结”等。这类词在理解时要加以注意。
[Abstract]:In the Eastern Han Dynasty is an important stage in the history of Chinese. The development of Chinese vocabulary has experienced the primary stage, the stage of derivation and synthesis of the three stage. In the Han Dynasty, the synthetic word replaced the derived word, has become the main way of word building, disyllabic words began to mature, new words and new meanings a lot of produce. At the same time, the Han Dynasty, especially in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Confucian classics notes in large numbers, they become an important information construction of the history of Chinese vocabulary. The annotated corpus, Zheng Xuan occupies an important position. Thirteen classics, Zheng Xuanyi noted it accounted for four. The < Zhouli > a note. Zhou immediately became a study set the < >. < > Zheng Xuan Zhou, han to compare the past, explain the archaic with modern language, the annotation language basically reflects the actual situation at the end of the Chinese language. A detailed description and comment on the annotation of the words It is of great significance to the study of the broken words of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the construction of the Chinese vocabulary history and the compilation of the dictionaries.
In this paper, "Zhou Zheng note > disyllabic words as the object, through the establishment of corpus in lexicology, phonology, semantics theory, comprehensive classification method, statistical analysis method, inductive method and combination of qualitative and quantitative research, tries to depict the basic features of the annotation of dual tone the word, and the phenomenon of language which reflects the analysis.
This paper is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter, research overview of Zhou Zheng note < >, the research significance and research methods. Through the review of previous "Zhou Li > ZHENG note in the text, exegesis, research and other aspects of the compilation of dictionaries, this paper takes note Zheng disyllabic words for research object and important study of disyllabic words, reveal the annotation of meaning, and to determine the standards and methods of operation: Zhou Zheng note > double syllable words are described.
The second chapter is the analysis of Zhou Li, Zheng Zhu's compound words. It mainly includes two aspects: first, in the framework of grammatical structure, we analyze the semantic meaning of Zhou Li Zheng's compound words; two, we discuss the two syllable words "Zheng Shu" in "Zheng Shu".
The annotation of disyllabic words not only rich in number, word formation has been basically mature. In addition to formal, parallel type, verb object type, subject predicate, supplement type, additional type and other basic grammatical structure, there is linkage type, partial type. Among them, partial formal and semantic parallel disyllabic words. Is the focus of our analysis. In the annotation of disyllable words accounted for the largest number of semantic relations between two disyllabic words morphemes are complex and diverse, reflecting the disyllable words in that new things, new concepts in terms of flexibility and accuracy of Chinese vocabulary righteousness and double column adaptability. The two syllable word morpheme semantic relations not only different significance levels are also different, there are some disyllabic words allotropy. Verb object disyllabic words in Zheng's note is the main noun and verb, the semantic relations between the two morphemes are relatively diverse. Subject predicate, verb complement type, number of double syllable words the Relatively few in Zheng's note. Additional disyllabic words, as the additional components of "article" only one. "Article" as the Han Dynasty emerging before additional components of the "first", "second" and other words, with occasional nouns in Zheng's note after the phenomenon, that Mr Wang Li thinks "first", "second" word order, with the noun phenomenon to the end of the Han Dynasty's point of view. There are some annotation to disyllabic words not grammatical structure analysis, this paper describes the interpretation of these words.
Besides, there are some meanings of some words in Zheng Zhu, which are different from those commonly used in modern Chinese.
The third chapter, analysis of Zhou Zheng note < > binomes. In simple words all the annotation of Lianmian words. Binome words in Zhou and Qin Dynasties that have been produced, but mainly in the < < > > etc. Book of Songs, Chu poetry. The Han Dynasty is another peak of lianmianci is generated, it is the Han style appearance, which fully shows the oral nature of binome words. Zheng Xuan in "Zhou Li note", also with a certain number of continuous words, this is a noteworthy phenomenon. This article from the annotation language characteristics, poetic couplet soft words in notes in the language of the analysis.
The ancient books is mainly to read books service, so when people familiar with commentators always understand more colloquial words to explain difficult words in ancient books. The use of lianmianci in Zheng Xuan's nothing more than this, there are mainly four kinds of the context: as a component of comment statements. With the sentence annotation together explain < Zhouli > statement as difficult to understand; explain the words in Zhouli < > as example; < Zhouli > difficult words directly to the translation of the word; for < Zhouli > words release. Among them, in the first kind of binome words most.
The fourth chapter is a summary of the research situation of the paper.
When we analyze the two syllable words in Zhou Li, Zhengzheng, we find Zheng's double syllable words appear in different periods of Shang and Zhou dynasties, Chunqiu, Warring States and Han Dynasties, reflecting the different historical levels of Zheng's double syllable words.
Because the annotation of disyllabic words for sacrificial names, etiquette, official name, car service, such as Miya Murona, these words are mainly partial structure and verb object structure, parallel structure is very few, therefore the disyllable words in Zheng's note in the largest number. The semantic between disyllable words two morphemes off the Department has more than 20 kinds, it can be divided into many small categories. Semantic relations between rich and complex shows the disyllable word matured. Note Zheng Zheng's note in the subject predicate, verb complement type and number of animals, additional disyllabic words are few. This may account for the structure of Chinese coinage is still under development.
Taking modern Chinese as a reference, there are some double syllable words such as "bull", "husband family" and "summary" in Zhou Li Zheng Zhu's note, such as "bull", "husband family", "summary".

【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H131

【相似文献】