从“分布形态理论”看汉语的词类

发布时间：2018-03-30 20:19

本文选题：词类　切入点：语类　出处：《外国语(上海外国语大学学报)》2011年02期

【摘要】：针对汉语中普遍存在的词类与语法功能的失称现象,作者指出,词类划分所带来的困惑以及由此引发的争议产生于把词以及词类(即语类)的形成都归功于词库的"词汇主义"观点。本文的研究表明,在主张"非词汇主义"的"分布形态理论"的框架下,汉语的相关事实都能得到合理的解释。根据该理论,词是语素通过"合并"等形式手段在句法运算中生成的:词根通过与某个定义语类的功能语素构成局部结构关系而获得语类标签。因此,词类或语类并非词库的规定,而是句法结构的衍生物。汉语为"分布形态理论"的合理性提供了进一步的跨语言证据。在该理论假设的基础上,汉语和英语的事实被纳入同一种分析机制中,两种语言之间的差异也被归因于词根的不同属性以及PF层局部的形态音系操作。
[Abstract]:The author points out that, in view of the common phenomenon of loss of proportion of parts of speech and grammatical functions in Chinese, The confusion caused by the classification of parts of speech and the controversy arising therefrom are attributed to the lexical view of lexicon, and the formation of words and parts of speech (that is, the category of words) is attributed to the lexicism of the lexicon. Under the framework of the theory of "distribution form" which advocates "non-lexicism", the relevant facts in Chinese can be reasonably explained. Words are generated by morphemes in syntactic operations by means of "merging". The roots obtain class labels by forming a local structural relationship with the functional morphemes of a defined category. Therefore, part of speech or category is not a lexicon. It is a derivative of syntactic structure. Chinese provides further cross-linguistic evidence for the rationality of the theory of distributional morphology. On the basis of this hypothesis, the facts of Chinese and English are incorporated into the same analytical mechanism. The differences between the two languages are also attributed to the different attributes of the root and the local morphological phonological operations in the PF layer.
【作者单位】：中南大学外国语学院;
【分类号】：H146

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