预科班非洲留学生汉字书写偏误的个案研究与对策分析

发布时间：2018-03-31 14:32

本文选题：对外汉字教学　切入点：汉字书写偏误　出处：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为对外语教学的重难点,汉字一直以来都是非汉字圈留学生学习汉语的首要障碍。随着对外汉语教学实践的不断推进,以及对外汉语教学研究的不断深入,越来越多的研究者开始关注和从事对外汉字教学领域的相关研究。怎样促使留学生更加高效地掌握汉字规律,提高汉语学习效率,已成为当今对外汉语教学界研究的热点之一。外国留学生的汉字书写偏误兼具普遍性与特殊性。普遍性是指留学生在汉字书写方面的偏误广泛而且普遍存在。特殊性是指不同的留学生,在汉字学习的不同阶段,出现的汉字书写偏误呈现出不同的特征。通过对汉字书写偏误的普遍性和特殊性的调查研究,可以发现留学生在汉字书写方面出现偏误的原因,并且针对这些原因找出解决方案。本文以两名预科班非洲留学生作为调查研究对象,系统全面地分析两位研究对象在听写练习、课后作业以及各种考试试卷中出现的汉字书写偏误,并对两位研究对象的汉字书写偏误进行系统化地总结,找出两位研究对象出现汉字书写偏误的原因,并且提出相应的对策和建议,以帮助两位研究对象更高效地掌握汉字规律,提高汉语学习效率,提升汉语运用能力。本论文总共包含六章。本文第一章绪论部分介绍选题缘由、相关研究现状、研究意义、以及本文的研究目的和研究方法。本文第二章介绍个案跟踪调查的研究对象与调查范围、调查目的、调查所遵循的理论依据,以及汉字书写偏误的分类依据。本文第三章分类统计两位研究对象的汉字书写偏误情况,对两位研究对象的听写练习、课后作业以及各种考试试卷中总结出来的笔画层面、部件层面和整字层面的书写偏误进行举例分析,并对这三个层面的各个部分再分别进行详细的分析归类。本文第四章阐述了两位研究对象在汉字书写方面出现偏误的主要原因,包括学习者自身的特点、汉字本身的特征、母语负迁移作用的影响、教师的因素和教材的编排这五个方面。本文第五章针对两位研究对象出现的汉字书写偏误,笔者从学习者的学习对策、教师教学的对策以及教材编排方面的对策,这三个方面提出了相应对策和建议。本文第六章介绍了本文的基本结论以及本文在调查研究过程中存在的不足之处。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important difficulties in foreign language teaching, Chinese characters have always been the primary obstacle for non-Chinese students to learn Chinese.With the continuous advancement of the teaching practice of Chinese as a foreign language and the deepening of the research on teaching Chinese as a foreign language, more and more researchers begin to pay attention to and engage in the related research in the field of teaching Chinese characters as a foreign language.How to make foreign students master Chinese characters more efficiently and improve the learning efficiency of Chinese has become one of the hotspots in the field of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.The Chinese character writing bias of foreign students has both universality and particularity.Universality refers to the widespread and widespread errors in the writing of Chinese characters by foreign students.Particularity refers to the different characteristics of Chinese characters writing errors in different stages of learning Chinese characters.Through the investigation and research on the universality and particularity of Chinese character writing errors, we can find out the causes of the errors in Chinese characters writing by foreign students, and find out the solutions to these problems.This paper takes two African foreign students in preparatory classes as the objects of investigation, systematically and comprehensively analyzes the errors in the writing of Chinese characters in dictation, after-class homework and various examination papers.The paper systematically summarizes the Chinese character writing errors of the two research objects, finds out the causes of the Chinese character writing errors, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to help the two research objects master the Chinese character law more efficiently.Improve the efficiency of Chinese learning, improve the ability to use Chinese.This thesis consists of six chapters.The first chapter introduces the reason of the topic, the current situation of the research, the significance of the research, as well as the purpose and research methods of this paper.The second chapter introduces the object and scope of the investigation, the purpose of the investigation, the theoretical basis followed by the investigation, and the classification basis of the errors in Chinese character writing.In the third chapter, the author classifies and analyzes the errors in writing Chinese characters of the two subjects, the dictation, the homework after class and the stroke level summarized in the examination papers.The writing errors of component level and whole level are analyzed with examples, and each part of these three levels is analyzed and classified in detail.In the fourth chapter, the author explains the main reasons for the errors in the writing of Chinese characters, including the characteristics of the learners, the characteristics of the Chinese characters themselves, the influence of the negative transfer of mother tongue.The factors of teachers and the arrangement of teaching materials are five aspects.In the fifth chapter, the author puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from three aspects: the learner's learning strategy, the teacher's teaching strategy and the textbook arrangement.The sixth chapter introduces the basic conclusions of this paper and the shortcomings of this paper in the process of investigation and research.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

【引证文献】