老子《道德经》与亚里士多德《物理学》隐喻对比研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 11:33

本文选题：《道德经》　切入点：《物理学》　出处：《黑龙江大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：隐喻在亚里士多德时期便引起了人们的注意，成为了修辞学和诗学的研究对象。尽管柏拉图贬斥隐喻，但是在《理想国》中仍用“洞穴隐喻”阐释其世界观。尽管亚里士多德只承认名词和名词性的实词为隐喻词，仍在《物理学》中运用隐喻阐释其“四因说”。哲学家运用隐喻阐释哲学内涵的例子不胜枚举。哲学和隐喻作为人类研究的对象历史悠久，二者关联紧密。人类的语言系统中由于未能分化出一类专门的哲学语言，因而造成了哲学表达的困惑，而隐喻作为所有语言形态中的“共有因子”弥补了既有日常语言、科学语言和诗歌语言表达哲学的局限性。隐喻不仅能起修饰作用，能传达信息，还能表达真理。尼采认为隐喻不只是语言学的一个单位，它更是我们了解世界的一个途径。他认为我们对世界的体验就是隐喻的。理查兹认为思想就是隐喻性的，所有的言语中都充满了隐喻。因此没有隐喻我们将无所适从，他认为世界是一个“投射的世界”（projected world），是建立在隐喻世界基础上的。莱科夫认为我们所处的世界，就我们的理解能力所认识到世界，并不是客观存在的世界。根据这种哲学基础，莱科夫提出了源域和目标域的概念。运用人们具体的源域映射抽象的目标域。理解某一事物就是体会源域和目标域之间的映射。这个过程反映人们认识事物的基本途径：由具体到抽象。因此本论文基于概念隐喻分析隐喻如何表达哲学含义。本论文属于应用对比语言学类型，，采取应用研究模式（即概念隐喻理论描述为基础），使用描述性研究方法，对比隐喻在哲学语篇中的特点及隐喻所映射的哲学思想的异同。分析《道德经》和《物理学》中源域的特点，并把阐述“道”论和“四因说”的源域进行对比，以此理解目标域，即“道”和“四因说”。
[Abstract]:Metaphor attracted much attention in Aristotle's time and became the object of rhetoric and poetics. But in the Republic, cave metaphors are still used to explain his worldview, although Aristotle only recognizes nouns and nominal notional terms as metaphors. In Physics, metaphor is still used to explain its "four causes". There are numerous examples of philosophers using metaphor to explain philosophical connotation. Philosophy and metaphor have a long history as the object of human study, and they are closely related. Metaphor, as a common factor in all linguistic forms, makes up for the limitations of philosophy of expression in everyday language, scientific language and poetic language. Metaphor can not only modify, convey information, but also express truth. Nietzsche thinks that metaphor is not just a unit of linguistics, it is also a way for us to understand the world. He thinks that our experience of the world is metaphorical. Richards thinks that thought is metaphorical. All words are full of metaphors. So without metaphor we would be at a loss. He thinks the world is a "projected world", based on the metaphorical world. Lakoff thinks we live in a world. As far as our ability to understand the world is concerned, it is not an objective world. According to this philosophical basis, Lakoff put forward the concept of source domain and target domain. We use people's specific source domain mapping to abstract the target domain. Understanding something is to understand the mapping between source domain and target domain. This process reflects the basis of people's understanding of things. This approach: from concrete to abstract. Therefore, this thesis analyzes how metaphor expresses philosophical meaning based on conceptual metaphor. This thesis belongs to the type of applied contrastive linguistics. It adopts the applied research model (i.e. conceptual metaphor theory description as the foundation) and uses the descriptive research method. This paper contrasts the characteristics of metaphor in philosophical discourse and the similarities and differences of philosophical thoughts reflected by metaphor. It analyzes the characteristics of source domains in the Book of morality and Physics, and compares the source domains of the "Tao" theory and the "four cause theory". In this way, we can understand the target domain, namely "Tao" and "four cause theory".
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H05

【参考文献】