现代汉语非宾格句和被字句生成研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 05:25

本文选题：非宾格句　切入点：被字句　出处：《中国海洋大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：非宾格句和被字句是现代汉语中的两种典型句式。多年来，诸多学者在生成语法框架下对两种句式进行了大量有益的研究，对目前的研究具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。近年来，却出现了这样一种趋势：很多学者将两种句式联系起来加以考察，试图用一种理论去解释两种句式的生成。他们认为被字句也是非宾格的一种，因而可以用分析非宾格句的方法分析被字句。这一主张的理论前提是认为被字句中的动词经历了被动化，因而同非宾格动词一样不具备给其后名词赋格的能力，不具备施事主语。本文通过论证分析，证实汉语被字句与英语被动句不同，该句式中的动词并未丧失赋格能力，，因而与非宾格动词有本质区别。汉语被字句与非宾格句是两种独立的句式，具有各自独特的句法特征，需要分别加以分析。从这一结论出发并借鉴之前针对两种句式的相关研究，本文在乔姆斯基最简方案之新发展最简探索：框架及语段推导等相关理论的指导下，分别对两种句式进行了较为深入的研究。本文将非宾格句分为五种类型，五种句型中均包含一个轻动词，该轻动词或为普通轻动词v，或为CAUSE及EXPERIENCE。除第一种句型外，其余句型中的轻动词均为一致性特征集完整的轻动词；然而，不管轻动词的特征集完整与否，句中动词均不可为其后名词赋格。第一种句型中的名词只能由T赋主格，其他句型中的末尾名词由轻动词v赋宾格。除第一种句型外，其他各句型中的句首名词均为基础生成的主语而非话题，最后一种句型主语被省略。本文认为“被”是一个特殊功能语类，表被动，可为其标示语指派历事或客体的题元角色，具有P特征，并可选择vP作为其补足语。本文将被字句分为长被字句和短被字句，长短被字句中又各含长短保留宾语被字句。长被字句与短被字句是由vP投射的差异造成的。由于v的EPP特征为可选特征，当其额外论元被选择时形成长被字句，反之形成短被字句。各类被字句中均含有一个一致性特征集完整的轻动词，其所选动词为及物动词，具备为其后名词赋格的能力。鉴于长短被字句在结构及分析方法上的相似性，本文只分析了普通长被字句，保留宾语长被字句及保留宾语短被字句。保留宾语被字句中的句首名词是基础生成的主语。本文的研究丰富了生成语法框架下的汉语句法研究，并对汉语被字句和非宾格句研究具有一定的指导意义。但由于最简方案、最简探索：框架及语段推导还处于发展阶段，该研究还需更多的论证工作才能更加完善。
[Abstract]:Non-object sentence and Bei sentence are two typical sentence patterns in modern Chinese.For many years, many scholars have done a lot of useful research on the two kinds of sentence patterns under the framework of generative grammar, which has important guidance and reference significance for the present research.In recent years, however, there has been a tendency for many scholars to study the relationship between the two sentence patterns and try to explain the formation of the two kinds of sentence patterns with one theory.They think that the sentence is also a non-object, and can be analyzed by analyzing the non-object sentence.The theoretical premise of this proposition is that the verb in the sentence is passive, so it has no ability of fuelling the noun and the subject of the agent, just like the unobjectified verb.This paper proves that the verb in the sentence is different from the passive sentence in English, and that the verb in this sentence has not lost its fugue ability, so it is essentially different from the non-objective verb.Chinese Bei sentence and non-object sentence are two independent sentence patterns, which have their own unique syntactic features and need to be analyzed separately.Starting from this conclusion and drawing lessons from the previous research on two sentence patterns, this paper is guided by the new development of Chomsky's minimalist scheme: the theory of frame and paragraph derivation, and so on.Two kinds of sentence patterns are studied in depth.In this paper, the unobjective sentence is divided into five types. Each of the five sentence patterns contains a light verb, which is either an ordinary light verb v, or CAUSE and excel.With the exception of the first sentence pattern, the light verbs in the other sentence patterns are all light verbs with the complete set of consistent feature sets; however, no matter whether the feature set of the light verbs is complete or not, the verbs in the sentence must not be noun fugue.In the first kind of sentence pattern, the noun can only be assigned to the main case by T, while the last noun in the other sentence pattern can be assigned to the object case by the light verb v.With the exception of the first sentence pattern, the first noun in each sentence pattern is the subject generated from the base rather than the topic, and the last sentence pattern subject is omitted.This paper holds that "Bei" is a special functional category, which is passive, can assign the role of the subject element of the calendar or object to its marker, has the characteristic of P, and can choose VP as its complement.In this paper, the quilt sentence is divided into long quilt sentence and short quilt sentence.Long quilt and short quilt are caused by the difference of VP projection.Because the EPP feature of v is optional, the long quilt is formed when the extra argument is selected, and the short quilt is formed when the extra argument is selected.Each type of sentence contains a light verb with a consistent feature set. The verb selected is transitive and has the ability of fuelling a noun after it.In view of the similarity of the structure and analytical methods of the long and short quilt sentences, this paper only analyzes the ordinary long quilt sentences, the object long quilt sentences and the object short quilt sentences.The first noun in the sentence of retention object is the basic subject.This study enriches the study of Chinese syntax under the framework of generative grammar and has certain guiding significance for the study of Chinese quad and non-object sentences.However, because of the simplest scheme and the simplest exploration: the frame and the derivation of the speech segment are still in the developing stage, the research still needs more argumentation work to be more perfect.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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