预设消失的认知研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 11:24

本文选题：语义预设 + 语用预设　；参考：《四川师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自德国著名逻辑学家和数学家弗雷格(Frege)1892年提出预设这一概念以来,就引起了国内外学者的广泛关注和研究。哲学界对预设的研究主要来源于对指代本质的探索。在哲学研究的基础上,语义学家从真值出发,提出预设是句子或命题间的一种不受否定影响的语义关系。但语义预设仍然存在一些弊端,它不能解决预设投射和取消的问题。随着语用学的兴起,语用学家提出了一系列理论来解释语用预设。近年来,随着认知语言学的发展和兴起,认知语言学家运用认知语言学的理论对预设做了重新阐释和研究,并提出了新的观点开辟了新的视角。预设的认知解释认为预设是语言使用者对某个或某些领域里经验的统一和理想化的理解,是由预设触发语(Presupposition triggers)的理想化的认知模型(ICM)激起的概念和知识所构成的一种认知环境,在交际中表现为交际双方互明的共同认知环境(shared cognitive environment)。认知语言学家通过对预设触发语的统一理想化认知,把句子分为两个部分,即预设和陈述部分,预设是已知信息,起着背景的作用,而陈述部分则是新信息,是注意的焦点,起着图形作用。本文从这种新的理论框架出发通过分析背景是否能得到满足来尝试解决潜在预设消失的问题。通过对预设触发语理想化认知分析,并结合图形背景理论我们得出否定测试法不能作为区别预设和蕴含的标准,否定应该分为同一理想化认知模型(ICM)的否定和不同理想化认知模型(ICM)的否定,而不同理想化认知模型(ICM)的否定导致预设的消失。百科知识和预设筛选语同样可以导致预设的取消。
[Abstract]:Since the concept of presupposition was put forward by the famous German logician and mathematician Fregeg in 1892, it has attracted the attention and research of scholars both at home and abroad.The study of presupposition in philosophy mainly comes from the exploration of the essence of anaphora.On the basis of philosophical research, the semanticists put forward that presupposition is a semantic relation between sentences or propositions which is not affected by negation.But semantic presupposition still has some disadvantages, it can not solve the problem of presupposition projection and cancellation.With the rise of pragmatics, pragmatics put forward a series of theories to explain pragmatic presupposition.In recent years, with the development and rise of cognitive linguistics, cognitive linguists have used the theory of cognitive linguistics to reinterpret and study presupposition, and put forward a new perspective.The presupposition cognitive interpretation holds that presupposition is the unified and idealized understanding of a language user's experience in a certain or certain field. It is a cognitive environment inspired by the idealized cognitive model of presupposition triggers (ICMs).In communication, the common cognitive environment is shared cognitive environment.Cognitive linguists divide sentences into two parts by unifying idealized cognition of presupposition triggers. Presupposition is known information, which plays the role of background, and declarative part is new information, which is the focus of attention.Play a graphic role.This paper tries to solve the problem of potential presupposition by analyzing whether the background can be satisfied from this new theoretical framework.Based on the idealized cognitive analysis of presupposition trigger and the theory of graphic background, we conclude that the negative test method can not be used as the criterion to distinguish presupposition and implication.Negation should be divided into the negation of the same idealized cognitive model (ICM) and the negation of different idealized cognitive models (ICM), while the negation of different idealized cognitive models leads to the disappearance of presupposition.Encyclopedic knowledge and presupposition filters can also lead to presupposition cancellations.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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