“至少”的多角度研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 13:33

本文选题：至少 + 语义　；参考：《南昌大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文的研究对象是“至少”。文章以CCL现代汉语语料库的语料为语言事实,结合前人的研究成果,从语义、句法、篇章、语用等方面对“至少”进行了较为全面的分析和描写,并考察了“至少”与反义词“至多”的对称与不对称性。本文共六章。第一章是绪论部分,阐述选题缘由、相关研究综述及语料来源。第二章对“至少”的语义进行分析,将“至少”分解成“至少1”、“至少2”和“至少3”,它们分别是范围副词、评注性副词和篇章连接成分。同时分析了各自的语义背景及“至少1”和“至少2”的语义指向。我们发现,“至少”是一个单项后指副词。第三章考察了“至少”的句法位置、对句类的选择。“至少”句法位置灵活,可位于小句句中、小句句首及小句之间,出于语用和表达的需要,也有位于句末的情形。“至少”可以用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句,但多用于陈述句。第四章探讨了“至少”的语用功能。三个“至少”在语用功能上有同有异。第五章描写了“至少”的篇章衔接方式,以及与其他表估量的副词及其他让步连接成分的共现情况。“至少”具有篇章连接功能,它可以连接句子成分,连接分句,还可以关联句子组成段落。它的隐和现具有规律性,隐和现也会导致语用和篇章上的功能差异。第六章讨论了“至少”和“至多”的对称与不对称性。两者在语义、句法位置、语体、句类选择上具有对称性；在使用频率、句法组合上具有不对称性。另外,“至少”系列和“至多”系列使用上的不对称,仅用已有的“乐观原则”似乎不能合理解释。
[Abstract]:The object of this paper is at least.Taking the corpus of CCL modern Chinese as linguistic facts and combining the previous research results, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis and description of "at least" from the aspects of semantics, syntax, text and pragmatics.The symmetry and asymmetry of "at least" and antonym "most" are examined.There are six chapters in this paper.The first chapter is the introduction part, expounding the reason of selecting the topic, the related research summary and the source of the corpus.The second chapter analyzes the semantics of "at least" and divides "at least" into "at least 1", "at least 2" and "at least 3", which are range adverbs, commentary adverbs and textual connectors, respectively.At the same time, the semantic background and semantic direction of "at least 1" and "at least 2" are analyzed.We find that "at least" is an adverb after a single item.Chapter three examines the syntactic position of "at least" and the choice of sentence types.The syntactic position of "at least" is flexible, it can be located in the small sentence, between the beginning and the clause of the small sentence, for the need of pragmatics and expression, there is also the situation at the end of the sentence."at least" can be used in declarative, interrogative and exclamatory sentences, but more in declarative sentences.Chapter four discusses the pragmatic function of "at least".The three "at least" have different pragmatic functions.The fifth chapter describes the cohesion of "at least" and the co-occurrence with other measured adverbs and other concessional connectives.At least "at least" has the function of linking sentence components, connecting clauses, and associating sentences into paragraphs.Its implicit and present are regular, and implicit and present also lead to pragmatic and textual functional differences.Chapter 6 discusses the symmetry and asymmetry of "at least" and "maximum".They have symmetry in semantic, syntactic position, style and sentence category selection, and asymmetry in usage frequency and syntactic combination.Moreover, the asymmetry in the use of the "at least" and "at most" series does not seem to be justified by the existing "optimistic principles".
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】