高尔吉阿斯《海伦颂》义疏

发布时间：2018-04-16 11:16

本文选题：智术师 + 高尔吉阿斯　；参考：《西南交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为公元前五世纪修辞术方面最有建树的一位古希腊智术师,高尔吉阿斯的《海伦颂》不但对了解高尔吉阿斯的思想有重要意义,而且很大程度地反映了公元前五世纪希腊的修辞论辩情况。本文试图详细解读高尔吉阿斯的《海伦颂》,深入理解文本所涉及的基本问题。本义疏是建立在文后所附的《海伦颂》译注之上进行的。义疏部分根据作品本身所呈现的结构进行分章。第一章是绪论,综述智术师、高尔吉阿斯及其《海伦颂》的背景情况,国内外对《海伦颂》的研究情况,以及本文的思路。第二章(文本1-5段)处理高尔吉阿斯《海伦颂》的演说类型、风格和目的问题。第1段是颂辞的总论,提出了应该谴责与赞扬之事。第2段引出主题,作者提出应该驳斥那些谴责海伦的人,而那些谴责者都一致地证明海伦是灾祸。于是我们将古希腊文学传统中的“证言”罗列出来,发现从史诗诗人、抒情诗人到悲剧诗人的证言,似乎并不那么的“众口一词”。第3-4段简单介绍海伦的出身和美貌,到第5段高尔吉阿斯对海伦的描述戛然而止,正式提出了要替海伦辩护的意图,意欲以一些新颖的论调使听众达到愉悦。我们援引了历史的记载来分析高尔吉阿斯“愉悦”听众的演说风格。第三章(文本6-19段)是高尔吉阿斯转入辩护辞的部分,提出了四种海伦前往特洛伊的可能性,并一一指出在每种可能性上都不能谴责海伦的具体原因。第6-7段是“神的安排”和“暴力劫持”的论证,借用了之前文学传统中的旧说,但也注入了新的活力：这两种可能性在“本性”范围内的至高无上。第8-14段论证逻各斯的情感力量,它所凭借的虚假的言辞,以及所导致的说服,它与药物的对比。第15-19段讨论爱欲的驱使下海伦行为的无辜之因由。爱欲是视觉必然导致的情感。这一章主要涉及的问题有：高尔吉阿斯“替修辞术辩护”的真实目的,作者在颂辞文本中的逻各斯观点和哲学命题中的逻各斯观点之间的矛盾,逻各斯和视觉艺术之间的类比等。第四章(文本20-21段)是颂辞的结束词。末尾的“游戏”一词,使整篇严肃且严密的论证受到普遍的置疑。如今大多数的学者倾向于认为,《海伦颂》中的观点完全能够代表高尔吉阿斯的思想,有些学者将“游戏”一词指向《海伦颂》隐藏的真正目的,也有些学者将“游戏”与高尔吉阿斯提倡的逻各斯“愉悦”功能联系起来。第五章为结语,系统地论述了高尔吉阿斯《海伦颂》中颂辩相杂的演说类型,骈俪的演说风格,“替修辞术辩护”的真实目的,逻各斯的自然性及其对人类灵魂的影响,逻各斯和视觉艺术之间的类比等。
[Abstract]:As one of the most successful figures of speech in the fifth century BC, Gorgias' Ode to Helen is of great significance not only to the understanding of Golgius' thought.And to a large extent reflects the rhetoric of the fifth century BC in Greece.This paper attempts to interpret Galergias' Ode to Helen in detail and to understand the basic issues involved in the text.The original meaning is based on the translation of the Ode to Helen attached hereafter.The semantic part is divided into chapters according to the structure of the work itself.The first chapter is the introduction, which summarizes the background of the master of wits, Gorgias and his Ode to Helen, the research of Ode to Helen at home and abroad, and the ideas of this paper.Chapter two (text 1-5) deals with the types, styles and purposes of Golgius' Ode to Helen.The first paragraph is a summary of the eulogy, which proposes things to be condemned and praised.Paragraph 2 leads to the theme that those who condemn Helen should be refuted, and those who condemn Helen unanimously prove that Helen is a disaster.Therefore, we list the "testimonies" in the ancient Greek literary tradition, and find that the testimonies of the epic poets, lyric poets and tragic poets seem not to be so "unanimous".Paragraphs 3-4 briefly introduce Helen's origin and beauty, and then the fifth paragraph of Golgius's description of Helen comes to an abrupt end, with a formal intention to defend Helen, with the intention of pleasing the audience with some novel tone.We cite historical records to analyze Golgius's "delightful" audience's speech style.The third chapter (paragraphs 6-19 of the text) is the part of Galgias' defense, which puts forward four kinds of possibilities for Helen to go to Troy, and points out the specific reasons why Helen can not be condemned in each possibility.Paragraphs 6-7 are "divine arrangements" and "violent hijackings", borrowed from the old literary tradition, but also infused with new vitality: the supremacy of these two possibilities within the scope of "nature".Paragraphs 8-14 demonstrate the emotional power of the logos, its false rhetoric, and the resulting persuasion, its contrast to medicine.Paragraphs 15-19 discuss the innocent cause of Helen's actions driven by lust.Lust is the emotion which the vision inevitably causes.This chapter mainly deals with the following issues: the true purpose of Goggias'"defending rhetoric", the contradiction between the logos' viewpoint in the eulogizing text and the logos' viewpoint in the philosophical proposition.Analogies between logos and visual arts, etc.Chapter four (text 20-21) is the closing word of the eulogy.The word "game" at the end makes the whole serious and rigorous argument universally questionable.Today, most scholars tend to think that the ideas in Ode to Helen are perfectly representative of Golgius, and that some scholars point the word "game" to the true purpose of "Ode to Helen".Some scholars associate the game with the logos' pleasure function advocated by Gorgius.The fifth chapter is the conclusion, which systematically discusses the mixed types of speeches in Goggias' Ode to Helen, the speech style of Pianli, the true purpose of "defending rhetoric", the naturalness of logos and its influence on the human soul.Analogies between logos and visual arts, etc.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H05

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