汉语闲谈语言中男性气概的构建

发布时间：2018-04-17 08:51

本文选题：变异理论 + 构建　；参考：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：语言中存在的性别问题展示了人们对两性的认知和态度，记述了一个民族的性别理念和价值取向。男性和女性在语言使用方面有着明显的不同，这种不同体现在语音、语调、词汇、句法、话语风格等各个方面。不同性别的人往往会把对语言内容和表达形式的选择作为其构建性别身份的一种方式。本研究以社会语言学变异理论为指导，，运用社会语言学的研究方法，对以闲谈为背景的日常生活中的语言进行观察录音，并以调查问卷为补充，对汉语中男性通过对符合其自身性别身份的语言形式和内容的选择以构建其男性气概的语言现象进行了考察。最后利用Goldvarb X软件对所采集到的语料进行了分布分析和多变量分析。研究表明，性别身份是言语交际过程中的一个重要体现。男性利用闲谈构建了自己期望的社会性别身份与社会性别特征，并同时实现了性别意识形态的构建。男性性别语言所展现出来的语言特点与男性主体对符合自身性别身份的语言选择紧密相关。男性通过对其语言的选择来构建及赋予其行为性别色彩，并且利用其性别身份投射理想的性别形象。从语言形式和语言内容来构建性别身份是男性通常使用的两种方式。一方面，男性通过爆粗口、对具有竞争性功能的最小应答、具有参考意义的模糊限制语、情态附加疑问句的使用；另一方面，通过对话题选择的控制、对谈话内容所涉及的人物的性别、对成就的强调、承认自己的直人身份、表示对同性恋的排斥和恐惧、对他人行为和故事进行评价、以及避免自我剖析和表现脆弱进行构建。事实上，并不存在本质的男性气质与女性气质、男子汉气概和女人味，但是一旦社会性别被赋予之后，社会秩序将建构个体的社会性别规范和期待，并迫使个体遵循。无论是从心理还是从外部环境或者体制出发来阐述性别的构建，其共同点都是性别并非完全随生理特征而来，而是在成长的过程中逐步形成的，是后天的。性别身份的构建是一个过程，每个人都是通过学习来习得社会性别，并在生活的各个层面都受到了性别教育，从而参与到构建性别身份这一过程中。个人是社会性别构建的执行者，人们需要不断地调整自身的言语行为和非言语行为来符合社会性别的标准。
[Abstract]:The gender problem in language shows people's cognition and attitude towards gender, and describes the gender concept and value orientation of a nation.There are obvious differences between men and women in language use, such as pronunciation, intonation, vocabulary, syntax, discourse style and so on.People of different gender tend to choose the language content and expression form as a way to construct their gender identity.Guided by the sociolinguistic variation theory, the present study uses sociolinguistic research methods to observe and record the language in daily life in the context of gossip, supplemented by a questionnaire.This paper investigates the linguistic phenomenon in Chinese in which men construct their masculinity by choosing the language form and content according to their own gender identity.Finally, the distributed and multivariate analysis of the collected corpus is carried out by using Goldvarb X software.The study shows that gender identity is an important manifestation of verbal communication.Men use gossip to construct their desired gender identity and gender characteristics, and at the same time realize the construction of gender ideology.The linguistic characteristics of male gender language are closely related to the male subject's choice of language in accordance with his gender identity.Men construct and endow their behavioral gender by choosing their language, and use their gender identity to project ideal gender images.The construction of gender identity in terms of language form and language content is commonly used by men.On the one hand, the male use of vague hedges, modal additional questions, and the use of modal additional questions by exploding rough words to the least competitive functional responses; on the other hand, by controlling the choice of topics,The gender of the characters involved in the conversation, the emphasis on achievement, the recognition of one's straight identity, the rejection and fear of homosexuality, the evaluation of others' actions and stories, and the avoidance of self-analysis and frailty.In fact, there is no essential masculinity and femininity, manhood and femininity, but once the social gender is given, the social order will construct the individual gender norms and expectations, and force the individual to follow.Whether from the psychological or from the external environment or the system to elaborate the construction of gender, its common point is that gender is not completely with the physiological characteristics, but gradually formed in the process of growth, is acquired.The construction of gender identity is a process in which everyone learns to acquire gender and receives gender education at all levels of life, thus participating in the process of constructing gender identity.Individuals are the executors of the construction of social gender, and people need to constantly adjust their speech acts and nonverbal acts to meet the standards of social gender.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

【共引文献】