礼貌原则下英汉职业委婉语对比研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 13:13

本文选题：委婉语 + 职业委婉语　；参考：《长江大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：委婉语在人们的日常生活中被广泛而鲜活地使用,成为词汇中不可或缺的组成部分,一直引起人们的关注。所谓委婉语就是“用好听的、使人感到愉快的说法代替令人不悦的或不敬的表达方法”。为了对这种语言现象进行充分系统的解释和说明,多年来许多语言学家和学者分别从不同角度诸如语义,文化和语用等方面对这一语言现象进行研究。他们的研究对委婉语的描写,使用和对委婉语进行的解释起了一定的作用。但是他们的研究大多是对广义上的而不是某一特殊领域的委婉语进行把握和研究；另一方面,他们的大多数研究也由于数据有限而缺乏一定的依据。委婉语不仅是一种语言现象也是一种社会和文化现象。职业及收入话题的隐私性决定了职业委婉语的广泛使用,因此现代英语职业委婉语几乎存在于社会的方方面面,不同程度地反映出被英美社会所认可的价值观和道德观。中国改革开放以后,随着中国与国际社会接轨,与世界各民族文化交流的增多,汉语职业委婉语的使用也越来越频繁。委婉语可以依据不同的标准而划分为多种,而职业委婉语就是按照内容而划分出的一种委婉语。职业委婉语的运用体现了中西方文化差异。礼貌是文化的精髓,而礼貌原则是其产生的文化背景的缩影,因此本文的理论结构由两条礼貌原则构成。一种礼貌原则是Brown和Levinson在英语文化背景提出,这种礼貌原则虽然一定程度上具有普遍性,但不能充分解释其他文化中的特别礼貌现象。另一种礼貌原则是由顾日国在中国文化背景的基础上提出。论文主体部分是对英汉职业委婉语的显著特征如起源,构成模式,表达方式和演绎等四个方面进行比较,并对比较结果从礼貌原则的角度进行分析,从而得出以下结论。首先,中英两种委婉语在遵守礼貌原则上具有一致性：两种职业委婉语都把降低身份的称呼作为实现消极面子的言语方略；把抬高身份的称呼作为实现积极面子的言语方略。其次,英语职业委婉语强调体现一致性、平等性,维护积极面子。汉语职业委婉语则重视维护消极面子,即职业委婉语的主要功能是体现对被称呼人的尊敬。第三,独特而复杂的职业和社会体系使得汉语职业委婉语严格遵守顾日国提出的礼貌原则,它的复杂性,独特性通过礼貌原则得到了合理全面的阐释。论文的主体部分在礼貌原则的基础上比较分析了两种职业委婉语的差异后,探讨了这些差别后深刻的文化根源,如中国文化的基本价值观集体主义和西方流行的个人主义。本文作者借鉴前人对委婉语的起源,定义,分类等研究成果,从语用学中的礼貌原则的角度试图对职业委婉语在交际中遵循的原则和使用方法进行探索性的研究。论文采用了传统上的定性比较研究方法。本论文由六章节组成,第一章是文章的引言部分,主要介绍了本论文的研究背景,意义和组织结构。第二章是论文的文献综述部分,主要回顾了委婉语的定义、分类及国内外对职业委婉语的研究状况。第三章介绍了职业委婉语的产生、定义、分类及社会功能,并对礼貌原则进行了阐述。第四章对英汉职业委婉语的显著特征进行对比分析。第五章从礼貌原则角度分析了比较结果。第六章是论文的总结部分,主要总结了论文的研究意义,并分析了论文优缺点。
[Abstract]:Euphemism is used widely and vividly in people's daily life. It has become an integral part of the vocabulary. It has always attracted people's attention. Euphemism is the "use of good and pleasant words instead of unpleasant or disrespectful expressions". In order to make a full and systematic solution to this language phenomenon. Many linguists and scholars have studied the phenomenon of this language from different angles, such as semantics, culture and pragmatics for many years. Their research has played a certain role in the description and use of euphemism and the interpretation of euphemism. But most of their research is rather than a particular one in the broad sense. On the other hand, most of their studies are lack of certain data because of limited data.
Euphemism is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a social and cultural phenomenon. The privacy of the topic of occupation and income determines the wide use of professional euphemism. Therefore, modern English professional euphemism almost exists in all aspects of society, reflecting the values and moral views recognized by the Anglo American society in different degrees. After the opening of China, with the integration of China with the international community and the increase of cultural exchanges among the nations in the world, the use of Chinese euphemism is more and more frequent. Euphemisms can be divided into many kinds according to different standards, while professional euphemism is a euphemism which is divided according to the content. Politeness is the essence of culture, and politeness principle is the epitome of its cultural background. Therefore, the theoretical structure of this article is made up of two politeness principles. A politeness principle is Brown and Levinson in the English cultural background. This politeness principle, to some extent, is universal, but it can not fully explain the other articles. Another principle of politeness is put forward by Gu Li Guo on the basis of Chinese cultural background.
The main part of the thesis is to compare the distinctive features of English and Chinese euphemism such as origin, structure, expression and deduction, and analyze the comparison results from the perspective of politeness principle, and then draw the following conclusions. First, the Chinese and English euphemisms are consistent in compliance with the politeness principle: two kinds of vocational committees. The euphemism uses the address of reducing identity as a verbal strategy to realize negative face; the address of "elevating identity" as a verbal strategy to achieve positive face. Secondly, English professional euphemism emphasizes consistency, equality and maintenance of positive face. Chinese euphemism is the main task of maintaining negative face, that is, the professional euphemism. Third, the unique and complex professional and social system makes Chinese euphemism strictly abide by the politeness principle proposed by Gu, and its complexity and uniqueness have been explained in a reasonable and comprehensive way through the principle of politeness.
On the basis of politeness principle, the main part of the thesis compares and analyses the differences between the two kinds of professional euphemisms, and probes into the profound cultural roots of these differences, such as the collectivism of the basic values of Chinese culture and the popular individualism in the West. The author of this paper draws on the achievements of previous studies on the origin, definition and classification of the euphemism. In the perspective of politeness principle in pragmatics, it tries to explore the principles and methods of use of professional euphemism in communication. The thesis adopts the traditional method of qualitative comparison.
This paper is composed of six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction of the article, which mainly introduces the background, significance and organization structure of this paper. The second chapter is the literature review part of this paper, which mainly reviews the definition, classification and research status of euphemism at home and abroad. The third chapter introduces the emergence and definition of professional euphemism. The classification and social function and the politeness principle are expounded. The fourth chapter makes a comparative analysis of the prominent characteristics of English and Chinese euphemism. The fifth chapter analyzes the comparison results from the angle of politeness principle. The sixth chapter is the summary of the thesis, which mainly summarizes the research significance of the thesis, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the thesis.

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H313;H136

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