突显理论视域下的缺省默认研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 19:16

本文选题：缺省默认 + 突显理论　；参考：《长沙理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：缺省默认是指言语中存在缺省、而交际双方共同默认的一种非常普遍的言语现象。它是一种特殊的省略形式，其特殊性表现在无法从上下文中直接找到所省略的部分。古往今来，国内外学者从不同的视角对省略进行了大量的研究，但主要是从句法和修辞等角度来展开，缺乏从认知的角度对省略现象进行研究，尤其没有对缺省默认这一特殊的言语现象进行认知研究。随着认知语言学的发展，认知语言学家提出了多种理论对语言进行认知解读，这些认知语言学理论对缺省默认的阐释很有裨益。文章运用认知语言学理论中的“突显理论”，结合其主要参数视角，，运用反映突显理论的主要运作机制“图形--背景理论”，对言语中的缺省默认现象进行认知分析和研究。文章指出，缺省默认作为背景，与突显是相辅相成的统一体。突显与缺省看似一对矛盾体，其实二者互为映照，互为补充。人们在观察某一事物时，因为事物的某一方面因视角的选择而得以突显，其它方面则处于隐伏的状态被缺省，缺省的部分是背景，突显的部分是图形，也就是呈现在读者面前的带有缺省默认的语言表现形式。文章发现，缺省默认的产生必须遵循一定的原则，即：1）信息有效性编码原则。强调在编码过程中，缺省默认的运用能使语言表达精炼、行文简洁、交际高效；2）省力原则。交际过程中，无论是发话者还是受话者不但都希望交际成功，而且还希望尽量缩小为话语所付出的努力；3）合作原则。在运用缺省默认的语篇交际中，发话者必须充分考虑受话者的知识储备和语境因素；4）相关原则。在缺省默认语篇的解码中，必须找出话题和语境的最佳关联，通过语境的关联性对缺省部分来回梳理，缜密推导，合理筛选，以便在文本转换中准确地填补语义空位，实现翻译的等效性。文章认为，突显理论对主语、谓语、宾语和结构词的缺省默认的识解很有说服力：动作的执行者，作为背景缺省默认，而动作行为本身作为图形而得以突显；动作的执行者和接受者之间的谓语动词缺省默认，主语和宾语得以突显；动作的接受者作为背景缺省默认，动作行为得以突显；结构词的缺省默认，突显的是小句。运用突显理论对缺省默认语篇进行认知分析，不但符合认知法则，而且切实可行。
[Abstract]:Default is a very common verbal phenomenon in which there is default in speech, and mutual acquiescence in communication. It is a special form of ellipsis, and its particularity is that the omitted parts can not be directly found from the context. From ancient to present, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on ellipsis from different perspectives, but mainly from syntactic and rhetorical angles, lacking of studying ellipsis from the perspective of cognition. In particular, there is no cognitive study of default as a special verbal phenomenon. With the development of cognitive linguistics, cognitive linguists have proposed a variety of theories for cognitive interpretation of language. These cognitive linguistic theories are helpful to the default interpretation. Based on the theory of salience in the theory of cognitive linguistics and the perspective of its main parameters, this paper makes a cognitive analysis and research on the default phenomenon in speech by using the graph-background theory, which is the main operating mechanism of the theory of salience. The article points out that default as a background, and highlight is complementary to the unity. Salience and default appear to be a pair of contradictions, in fact, they are mutual reflection and complement each other. When people look at something, because one aspect of the thing is highlighted by the choice of visual angle, the other aspects are hidden by default, the default part is the background, the highlight part is the figure, This is the default language representation presented to the reader. It is found that default generation must follow a certain principle, that is, the principle of information validity coding. In the coding process, the default default application can make the language concise, concise, communication efficient and 2) labor-saving principle. In the process of communication, both the speaker and the addressee not only want to succeed in communication, but also want to minimize the efforts made for the utterance. In the application of default default discourse communication, the speaker must take full account of the knowledge reserve and contextual factors of the addressee. In the decoding of default text, we must find out the best relevance of topic and context, combing back and forth the default part through the relevance of context, deducing it carefully and sifting reasonably, in order to fill the semantic vacancy accurately in the text conversion. To realize the equivalence of translation. This paper holds that the default interpretation of subject, predicate, object and structure words by salience theory is persuasive: the executor of the action is the default default of the background, while the action behavior itself is highlighted as the figure; The default of predicate verb between the executor and receiver of the action, the default of subject and object, the default of action as the default of background, the default of action, the default of structural word, the prominent clause. The application of salience theory to the cognitive analysis of default texts is not only consistent with cognitive principles but also feasible.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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