马来西亚华语与标准普通话的语法差异及针对性汉语教学策略

发布时间：2018-04-22 03:03

本文选题：海外华语 + “有”字句　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为现代汉语的域外变体,马来西亚华语在许多方面都有别于标准普通话。本论文以马来西亚华语语法为研究对象,被研究的四类句型是“有”字句、“把”字句、“被”句以及差比句。本论文通过问卷调查以及语料调查来揭示以上四种句型在马来西亚华语和标准普通话之间的语法差异,并探讨马来西亚境内的其它语言对马来西亚华语的影响,其中包括马来西亚境内的粤方言、客方言、闽方言、英语以及马来西亚语。本论文一共分为七章。第一章绪论,描述马来西亚华语概况,同时叙述马来西亚华语的研究、研究意义和本论文所使用的研究理论；第二章涉及研究方案,交代本论文的研究目的是尝试揭示马来西亚华语与标准普通话的一些隐性语法差异、120个研究对象的身份背景；说明本论文的调查问卷之问卷设计,包括问卷测试的目的、问卷问题设定的准则以及问卷问题的内容；还对调查方式与过程、数据的统计分析方式和一些基本的分析结果加以叙述；第三章论述“有”字句。调查结果显示马来西亚华语学习者对于“有”字句的掌握能力比较弱,对“有”字的多重语义了解不深,并且普遍认为“有+动词”是符合现代汉语语法的句法结构。这种“有+动词”结构源自古代汉语,它被保留在汉语方言里,因为多语交融而被广泛地运用在马来西亚华语里。在标准普通话里,“有+动词”并不是一个符合现代汉语语法的句法结构；第四章探讨“把”字句。调查结果显示马来西亚华语学习者虽然对“把”字句拥有良好的判断能力,却更偏向于使用“将”字句和“主语+动词+宾语”结构来表达处置义的句子。“将”字句由于缺少了致使义和对待义而不能完全代替“把”字句。“主语+动词+宾语”句法结构则无法彰显强烈的表现意义；第五章讨论“被”字句。调查结果显示马来西亚华语学习者对“被”字句的运用并不十分熟悉与了解。在马来西亚华语里,“给”字句经常代替“被”字句作为表被动义的句式。被动义“给”源自于南方官话,后来被马来西亚华语沿用至今。马来西亚华语学习者也常常化被动句为主动句,从而避开使用“被”字句；第六章探讨差比句。调查结果显示马来西亚华语学习者的否定式差比句比肯定式差比句的掌握能力弱一些。马来西亚华语学习者在作比较之时,更偏爱用“形容词+过”句式。第七章则是研究结论：(1)马来西亚华语与标准普通话的确有语法上的差异；(2)根据问卷调查显示,马来西亚华语学习者并不完全了解与掌握标准普通话的语法,这包括“有”字句、“把”字句、“被”字句以及差比句的句法结构；(3)在“有”字句研究方面,“有+动词”句式经常出现在马来西亚华语里,尽管它在标准普通话里还不算是个正式的用法；(4)在“把”字句研究方面,“将”字句取代“把”字句作为处置标记的现象发生于马来西亚；(5)在“被”字句研究方面,“给”字句取代“被”字句作为被动标记的现象发生于马来西亚；(6)在差比句研究方面,“比较主体+动词+过+比较客体”句式经常出现在马来西亚华语里；(7)总的来说,马来西亚华语比标准普通话更“文”,书面语色彩比较浓,特别是“有”字句、处置句以及被动句,因为它们继承与发展古代汉语的语法现象。本论文的不足之处包括语料覆盖面还有待进一步扩展；以及对语法知识的描写还有待进一步细化。
[Abstract]:As an out - of - the - art variant of modern Chinese , the Chinese language of Malaysia is different from standard Mandarin in many ways . The thesis is based on the Chinese grammar of Malaysia . The four types of sentences studied are " have " , " put " the word , " sentence " and the difference ratio .

This paper reveals the grammatical differences between the above four types of Chinese and standard Mandarin by questionnaire and corpus investigation , and probes into the influence of other languages on Chinese language in Malaysia , including Cantonese dialect , Hakka dialect , Min dialect , English and Malay language in Malaysia .

This thesis is divided into seven chapters . The first chapter introduces the general situation of Chinese language in Malaysia , and describes the research , research significance and the research theory used in this thesis .
The second chapter deals with the research project , and the purpose of this thesis is to try to reveal some tacit grammatical differences between Malaysian Chinese and standard Mandarin , and the identity background of 120 research objects ;
Describe the questionnaire design of the questionnaire , including the purpose of the questionnaire , the criteria set by the questionnaire and the contents of the questionnaire .
The way of investigation and process , the statistical analysis of data and some basic analysis results are also described .
The results show that Chinese learners of Chinese language are weak in the ability to master the words " with " , and it is generally accepted that " there are + verbs " are syntactic structures conforming to the grammar of modern Chinese . This " + verb " structure is derived from ancient Chinese , which is widely used in Chinese dialect because of the blending of the multilingual . In standard Mandarin , " + verb " is not a syntactic structure conforming to the grammar of modern Chinese .
In the fourth chapter , the results show that Chinese - language learners in Malaysia , while having good judgment ability , are more inclined to use the word " to use " and " subject + verb + object " structure to express their meaning .
In the Chinese language of Malaysia , the words " give " often replace the words " used " as the passive meaning of the table . The passive meaning " gives " the word " originated in the south and later used by the Chinese language in Malaysia .
In the sixth chapter , the author discusses the difference comparison sentence . The results show that the negative difference of the Chinese language learners in Malaysia is weaker than that of the sentence . In comparison , the Chinese language learners prefer to use " adjective + " periods . Chapter 7 is the study conclusion : ( 1 ) There are grammatical differences between the Malaysian Chinese language and the standard Mandarin .
( 2 ) According to the questionnaire , the Chinese language learners in Malaysia don ' t fully understand and master the grammar of standard Mandarin , which includes the sentence structure of words , words , words and sentences ;
( 3 ) In the study of " Yes " , the sentence pattern of " with + verb " often appears in the Chinese language of Malaysia , although it is not a formal usage in standard Mandarin ;
( 4 ) In the aspect of " putting " the words into Malaysia , the word " to replace " the word " with " as a disposal mark occurs in Malaysia ;
( 5 ) In the study of the word " be " , the phenomenon of " giving " the word " substituted " as a passive mark occurs in Malaysia ;
( 6 ) In the research of the contrast sentence , the sentence pattern of " comparative subject + verb + over + comparison object " often appears in the Chinese language of Malaysia ;
( 7 ) Generally speaking , the Chinese language of Malaysia is more " Wen " than standard Mandarin , and the written language is richer , especially " with " words , disposition sentences and passive sentences , because they inherit and develop the grammar phenomenon of ancient Chinese .

The shortcomings of this paper include that the coverage of corpus is still to be further expanded .
and further refinement of the description of the grammar knowledge .

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】