礼貌和友好态度的汉语二语语音韵律研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 10:40

本文选题：汉语态度语音 + 韩国学生　；参考：《南京师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,对态度的定义和分类没有统一的标准。本文从研究目标和实际出发选取日常生活中使用频率较高且被普遍认可的两类态度：礼貌和友好作为研究对象。本文旨在进一步考察不同语言使用者在态度表达上的差异,了解不同文化背景对态度表达的影响,找出规律,为二语学习者提供更便捷的学习渠道,使他们能够说出地道的第二语言。本文的研究思路和方法： 1.设计文本,录制语音,进而建立本文的语料库。在基于语料研究的基础上运用Praat软件对语料进行切分、标注,提取基频、时长等声学数据。 2.组织感知实验。主要是针对中韩两国的录音文件进行听辨,考察两国人在态度表达时在礼貌度、友好度以及流利度上的差异性。同时考察句型和句子长度对态度感知的影响。 3.韵律特征分析。在提取出相关的声学数据后,运用SPSS进行统计学意义的考察。之后具体对比分析中韩两国发音人在态度语音声学特征上的差异,比如基频(最大值、最小值、均值和基频范围)、音节时长和句时长等声学信息。本文的创新之处在于：在态度语音本体研究的基础上,增加了对二语者的研究,实现了对汉语普通话态度本体和二语使用者的研究。其次,本文采用感知实验和声学分析相结合的研究方法,较详细具体地对比分析了中韩发音人的声学特征差异,以及礼貌和友好两种态度之间的差异性。本文的研究结果是： 1.在礼貌类语音中,中韩两国人在基频、音节时长等方面存在显著的差异。中国人的基频值明显高于韩国人,基频起伏较大、起点较高,基频范围也比较宽；中国发音人的音节时长小于韩国发音人,中国人表达汉语时的语速整体要快于韩国人；其次在流利度方面,中国人的表达都很流利,但韩国人在表达的流畅性上逊色于中国人；中国人重音基频在礼貌和中性语音中都大于韩国人；在声调方面,中韩阴平和去声的调型保持较好,在阳平和上声调型上差异较大。 2.在友好类语音中,中韩两国人的声学特征差异也很明显。中国人的基频最大值、最小值、音节时长均不同于韩国人。中国人的基频走势高于韩国人,基频起点较高、范围也比较广；中国人的音节时长小于韩国人,中国人的语速要比韩国人语速快；此外,韩国人表达友好的流畅性也逊色于中国人。中国人重音基频在友好及中性语音中均大于韩国人；在声调方面,中韩两国阴平和去声的调型保持较好,在阳平和上声调型上表现有所差异。 3.对比礼貌和友好两类态度,我们发现中韩两国人的礼貌类的基频值小于友好类的基频值,礼貌类的基频范围没有友好类的基频范围宽,礼貌类的音节时长稍短于友好类的音节时长,发音人在礼貌表达的语速较慢,而友好语音的表达语速较快；在重音方面,礼貌和友好语音的重音基频均高于其相应的中性语音。 4.通过对文本句型的设置,我们考察了陈述句和疑问句对两类态度的感知和生成的影响,数据结果显示句型对态度感知存在一定影响,但其作用并不明显。在韵律分析方面,句型对基频、时长有影响,但在中韩两国间的表现没有显著性差异。
[Abstract]:At present, there is no unified standard for the definition and classification of attitudes. This paper selects two kinds of attitudes, politeness and friendliness, which are frequently used in daily life and are widely recognized in the daily life. This paper aims to further investigate the differences in attitude expression between different language users and understand different cultures. The influence of scene on the expression of attitude, find out the rules, provide more convenient learning channels for two language learners, so that they can speak the real second language.
The research ideas and methods of this paper are as follows:
1. design text, record the voice, and then establish the corpus of this article. Based on the research of corpus, use Praat software to divide, mark, extract the basic frequency, time and other acoustic data.
The 2. organization perception experiment is mainly to identify the differences in politeness, friendliness and fluency between the two countries and the influence of sentence patterns and sentence lengths on attitude perception.
3. rhythm characteristics analysis. After extracting the relevant acoustic data, we use SPSS to investigate the statistical significance, and then compare and analyze the differences in the acoustic characteristics of the pronunciation of the Chinese and Korean speakers, such as the basic frequency (maximum, minimum, mean and basic frequency range), the length of syllables and the length of the sentence.
The innovation of this article is: on the basis of the study of the attitude to the noumenon of voice, the study of the two speakers is added to the study of the attitude noumenon and the two language users of the Chinese. Secondly, this paper compares the acoustic characteristics of the Chinese and Korean pronunciation people in detail and concretely and concretely and concretely and concretely and concretely. There are differences between the two attitudes and the politeness and friendliness.
The results of this study are as follows:
1. in polite speech, there are significant differences between Chinese and Korean people in basic frequency and syllable length. The basic frequency of Chinese people is obviously higher than that of Koreans, the fundamental frequency is larger, the starting point is higher, the range of basic frequency is wide, the syllables of Chinese pronunciation people are less than those of Korean pronunciation, and the Chinese language speed is faster than Korean when Chinese people express Chinese. Chinese people are fluent in fluency, but the fluency of the Koreans is less than that of the Chinese; the basic frequency of Chinese stress is greater in politeness and neutral than that of the Koreans; in the tone of tone, the tone of the Chinese and South Korea is better, and the difference between the type of Yang Ping and the tone is larger.
2. in the friendly voice, the differences of acoustic characteristics between the two countries are also obvious. The maximum, minimum, and syllabic length of the Chinese people are different from the Koreans. The basic frequency of the Chinese people is higher than the Koreans, the base frequency is higher and the range is wide; the Chinese syllable is smaller than the Korean, and the Chinese language speed is more than the Korean. In addition, the fluency of the Korean people is less than the Chinese. The basic frequency of the Chinese accent is larger than the Korean in friendly and neutral voice; in the tone of tone, the tone and the tone of the two countries are better, and there are some differences in the style of Yang Ping and the tone.
3. compared to the two kinds of polite and friendly attitudes, we found that the basic frequency of the politeness class in the two countries is less than the base frequency of the friendly class. The base frequency range of the politeness class has no friendly base frequency range, the politeness syllables are long shorter than the friendly syllables, the pronouns are slower in the expression of the courtesy, and the expression of the friendly voice. In terms of accent, the accent fundamental frequency of politeness and friendly voice is higher than that of its corresponding neutral speech.
4. through the setting of text sentence patterns, we examine the impact of declarative sentences and interrogative sentences on the perception and generation of two types of attitudes. The results show that sentence patterns have a certain influence on attitude perception, but their role is not obvious. In rhythm analysis, the sentence pattern has a long impact on the basic frequency, but there is no significant difference between the two countries. Different.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H195.3

【参考文献】