汕头方言连读变调的动态运行——兼论汉语方言连读变调的研究视角

发布时间：2018-04-24 04:00

本文选题：汕头方言 + 连读变调　；参考：《中国语文》2011年04期

【摘要】：汕头方言的连读变调除了语音层的规律,还有词汇层、语法层、语气层、韵律层的规律,不同层面的连调模式在动态运行时通过覆盖、半覆盖、嵌入等叠合规则形成一个最终的连调模式链,由最终连调模式链决定语句最终的连调形式,确定各音节最终的连调地位,最后依连调地位与调值的关系规则实现为各音节的具体调值。由于各层均有规律,动态运行时各层规律的叠合也有规律,因此最后在语音层面形成的线性语流可通过连调起到多种作用,如表现韵律、区别语法结构和某些语义结构、表示某些语气、表示某些语法意义、区别某些词语等。由汕头方言反观其他汉语方言,有两个特征对连读变调的类型学研究有重要意义:(1)是否所有调类都参与连调,且连调行为覆盖语句的始终。(2)除了语音层的规则,连调规则,包括静态的和动态运行的规则是否涉及多个层面。据此,可以把汕头方言、苏州方言之类归为全覆盖型,把北京方言、广州方言之类归为局部型;把汕头方言之类归为多层型,把北京方言之类归为韵律型,把广州方言之类归为词汇型……。不同方言应该根据其不同的类型学特点采取不同的方法来研究。
[Abstract]:In Shantou dialect, in addition to the rules of phonetic level, there are also the rules of lexical level, grammatical layer, tone layer, prosodic layer, and the pattern of continuous tone of different levels through overlay and semi-overlay in dynamic operation. The embedding equal-superposition rules form a final continuous mode chain, which determines the final concatenation form of the sentence and determines the final concatenation status of each syllable. Finally, according to the relation rules of continuous tone status and tone value, the specific syllable value is realized. Because of the regularity of each layer and the superposition of the law in dynamic operation, the linear speech flow formed at the phonetic level can play a variety of roles through continuous tone, such as expressing prosody, distinguishing grammatical structure from certain semantic structure. Express certain mood, express certain grammatical meaning, distinguish certain words, etc. Looking back at other Chinese dialects in Shantou dialect, there are two characteristics that are important to the typology study of continuous tone modification: (1) whether all the tone categories are involved in the continuous tone, and whether the continuous tone behavior covers all the sentences, in addition to the rules of the phonetic layer and the continuous tone rules. Whether the rules, both static and dynamic, involve multiple levels. Accordingly, we can classify Shantou dialect and Suzhou dialect as full coverage type, Beijing dialect and Guangzhou dialect as partial type, Shantou dialect as multi-layer type and Beijing dialect as rhythmic type. Classify Guangzhou dialect as lexical type. Different dialects should be studied in different ways according to their different typological characteristics.
【作者单位】：中山大学中文系;
【分类号】：H17

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