基于布卢姆教育目标分类学的印尼初中汉语教学大纲编写思路研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 14:41

本文选题：布卢姆 + 印尼初中汉语教学　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语教学在印尼正规学校已施行了十多年，总体上取得了很大的进展，教材建设、师资队伍建设、教学法的探讨等方面都在不断前进。然而，到目前为止，在中学阶段的汉语教学还存在很多问题，集中表现在教学缺乏有效的系统、效率不高、学生积极性不高等几个方面。 2007年，本人曾对“印度尼西亚万隆基督教三一学校”的初中部做过一次汉语教学情况的调查、调查结果分析是87%的学生回答掌握汉语是有必要的，而对目前进行的汉语课觉得有趣的只占9,7%而已，其余的是57,8%学生觉得一般、14.9%觉得没意思、16,9%觉得讨厌。通过访问教师们，该学校在本人进行调查时使用的教材的评价针对初中生来说，其教材设计得过于稚化、会话很少。青少年期是人走向成熟的关键期，而教师是激发学生学习兴趣的关键因素。怎样采取有针对性的教学对策，是教师一直关心的问题。不同国家、不同年龄阶段、不同层次的学习者都有不同的要求。再加上不同的学校制度、教学目标、宗教信仰都会影响课程的安排、教学计划和教学进度等方面。本文的研究对象是印尼国民学校的初中阶段，因为初中生是汉语教学中课堂教学最难组织也是最有挑战性的教学对象，对他们既不能像对待小学生那样进行教学又不能像高中或大学生那样教，他们接受不了显得“幼稚”的教育方式。汉语在语音、语法和汉字与印尼语的区别很大，在加上词汇方面不是一一对应的，使印尼的学习者面临着学习汉语困难的情况。在非目的语的环境之下学习目的语不如在目的语环境之下学得好，学得快。另外，在正规学校实行的汉语课与在专门的汉语培训班掌握的知识量恰恰少得多。在教学对象方面的学习心理也有很大的区别。印尼国民学校的教育体系的理论基础是布卢姆教育目标分类学。该理论的主要特点是从学生的角度审视教学目标，把教学目标分成三大领域：知识目标领域、情感目标领域和技能目标领域。借助此理论针对初中学生的身心和智育发展特点，本人在施行汉语教学中进行了初步的研究，，主张以布卢姆目标分类法的基础上设计教学大纲，以及相关的教师业务，同时根据大纲而编写教学内容。本文是两年的教学实践并研究出来的成果，阐明了印尼国民学校的教育体系与布卢姆教育目标分类学的关系。布卢姆的目标分类法为教师提供了更广的目标范围，使进教室能够采用“多样化”的教学模式、教学方法、教学活动以及测试方式。本文提供的所有资料与观点旨在为汉语教学设计的开启一个新视野，在“以学生为中心”的教学原则的基础上，为印尼初中阶段的汉语教师提供编写汉语教学大纲的思路框架，以便中学阶段的汉语教学能够更有针对性、更有效地施行。
[Abstract]:The Chinese language teaching has been implemented for more than 10 years in the Indonesian regular school. In general, great progress has been made, the construction of teaching materials, the construction of teaching staff, and the discussion of teaching methods are constantly advancing. However, so far, there are still many problems in the teaching of Chinese in the middle school, which is concentrated on the lack of effective system and efficiency in teaching. Students are not active in several aspects.
In 2007, I had done a survey of the teaching situation of Chinese in the Middle School of the "31 School of Indonesia Wan Long Christian". The result was that 87% of the students answered that it was necessary to master Chinese, and that only 9,7% was interesting to the current Chinese class. The rest was that the students of 57,8% felt generally, and 14.9% felt that they did not. 16,9% is a nuisance. By visiting teachers, the evaluation of the teaching materials used by the school for the junior high school students is too childish and conversational.
Adolescence is the key period for human maturity, and teachers are the key factors to stimulate students' interest in learning. How to adopt targeted teaching strategies is a problem that teachers have been concerned about. Different countries, different ages, and different levels of learners have different requirements. And the different school system, teaching objectives, religious letters are added. It will affect the arrangement of the curriculum, the teaching plan and the teaching progress. The object of this article is the junior middle school of the Indonesian national school, because the junior middle school students are the most difficult and most challenging teaching object in the classroom teaching in Chinese teaching. When students teach like that, they can not accept the "naive" way of education.
The Chinese language is different from the Indonesian language in pronunciation, grammar and Chinese characters. In addition, the vocabulary is not a one-to-one correspondence, which makes Indonesian learners face difficulties in learning Chinese. Learning the target language under the target language environment is not better than in the target language environment. In specialized Chinese training courses, the amount of knowledge is very much less. There are also great differences in the learning psychology of teaching objects.
The theoretical basis of the educational system of the Indonesian national school is the taxonomy of Bloom's educational goal. The main feature of this theory is to examine the teaching objectives from the perspective of the students and divide the teaching goals into three major fields: the field of knowledge target, the field of emotional target and the field of skill goals. Characteristics, I have carried out a preliminary study in the teaching of Chinese, and advocated the design of the syllabus on the basis of Bloom's target classification method, as well as the related teacher's business, and compiling the teaching content according to the syllabus.
This article is the result of two years' teaching practice and research. It clarifies the relationship between the educational system of Indonesian national school and the taxonomy of Bloom's educational goals. Bloom's target classification provides a wider range of objectives for teachers to use "diversified" teaching models, teaching methods, teaching activities and tests. Way.
All the information and views provided in this article are aimed at opening a new field of vision for Chinese teaching design. On the basis of the "student centered" teaching principle, it provides a frame of thinking for Chinese teachers in junior middle schools in Indonesia, so that the Chinese language teaching in secondary schools can be more targeted and effective.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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