《论语》反义词研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 22:14

本文选题：《论语》 + 反义词　；参考：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《论语》是先秦典籍中具有浓郁口语色彩的一部重要著作,内容涉及广泛,词汇丰富,运用方式灵活多样,极具语言研究的价值。本文以《论语》中的反义词为研究对象,在借鉴前人的研究成果和方法的基础上,对《论语》中的反义词进行统计、分类和说明。全文共分五部分：第一章：关于《论语》。首先,详细地分析说明了《论语》的语料价值；接着从语法、词汇的角度介绍了《论语》的语言研究现状。第二章：关于反义词。首先,从古汉语反义词理论研究和专书反义词研究方面介绍了反义词的研究现状和研究意义。其次,参酌各家的观点,列出了判定反义词的三个标准：①反义词处在共时的、同一词汇系统中,有共同的语义基础；②反义词在某一个或几个义位上,语义相反或相对；③反义词的语法意义相同。再次,根据反义词之间的反义关系,把反义词分为对立反义、极性反义、依存反义和方向反义。最后,阐述了《论语》反义词的判定方法,即利用系联法和参照法,并结合具体语境进行判定。同时对《论语》反义词的计数方式进行了说明。根据以上判定标准和方法,本文统计出《论语》反义词256对。第三章：《论语》反义词分类描写。从四个方面对《论语》反义词进行了分析：①从音节角度,分单音节对单音节反义词、双音节对双音节反义词和其他音节不对称反义词,其中单音节反义词占多数；②从词性角度,分名词、动词、形容词、代词、副词五类,其中动词反义词数量最多；③从内容角度,分状态、性质、动作、心理情感等十一类；④从语义的对应关系角度,分为四类；一个义位,一词对一词；一个义位,一词对多词；多个义位,一词对一词；多个义位,一词对多词。第四章：《论语》反义词的特点。归纳出了《论语》反义词的六个特点：①反义词数量多；②反义词结构整齐；③反义词具有相对性；④反义词出现的方式灵活多样；⑤反义词的对应关系复杂；⑥反义词具有不平衡性。第五章：《论语》反义词的作用。从表意、修辞、构词、辨析词义四个方面说明《论语》反义词的作用。
[Abstract]:Analects of Confucius (Analects of Confucius) is an important book with rich spoken language in pre-Qin classics, which involves a wide range of contents, is rich in vocabulary, and has a great value of language research. This paper takes antonyms in Analects of Confucius as the object of study. On the basis of drawing lessons from the previous research results and methods, this paper makes statistics, classification and explanation of antonyms in Analects of Confucius. The full text is divided into five parts: Chapter one: about the Analects of Confucius. Firstly, it analyzes and explains the corpus value of Analects of Confucius in detail, and then introduces the present situation of language research in Analects of Confucius from the perspective of grammar and vocabulary. Chapter two: about antonyms. First, it introduces the research status and significance of antonym from the aspects of ancient Chinese antonym theory and antonym research. Secondly, according to different viewpoints, three criteria for judging antonyms: 1 antonyms are in synchronic. In the same lexical system, there is a common semantic basis for antonyms in one or more sememes, which are opposite or opposite. Antonyms have the same grammatical meaning. Thirdly, according to the antisense relationship between antonyms, antonyms are divided into antisense, polarity antisense, dependent antisense and directional antisense. Finally, this paper expounds the judgment methods of antonyms, that is, using the method of linking and referencing, and combining with the concrete context to judge the antonyms. At the same time, the way of counting antonyms is explained. According to the above criteria and methods, 256 pairs of antonyms are calculated. The third chapter: the Analects of Confucius, the classification of antonyms. This paper analyzes the antonyms of Analects of Confucius from four aspects: from the syllable point of view, divided into monosyllabic and monosyllabic antonyms, double syllable versus disyllabic antonyms and other asymmetrical antonyms, in which monosyllabic antonyms account for the majority; (2) from the aspect of part of speech, there are five categories of nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns and adverbs, among which the number of verb antonyms is the most three from the point of view of content, state, nature, action, psychological emotion and so on. It is divided into four categories: one meaning, one word pair; one meaning, one word for many words; more than one meaning, one word for one word; more than one meaning, one word for many words. Chapter four: the characteristics of antonyms. The six characteristics of Analects of Analects of Analects of Analects of Analects of Analects are summed up. The number of antonyms of 1: 1 and the structure of antonyms are neat. 3 antonyms have the characteristics of relativity, variety, variety and the corresponding relationship between antonyms and antonyms are complex. Antonyms are unbalanced. Chapter five: the function of antonyms. The function of Analects of Analects of Analects of Confucius is explained from four aspects: ideographic meaning, rhetoric, word formation and word meaning discrimination.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H131

【参考文献】