概念隐喻视角下对英汉“狗”习语的比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 09:50

本文选题：狗的习语 + 概念隐喻　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：上世纪七八十年代初，莱考夫和约翰逊正式提出了概念隐喻理论，把隐喻从一种语言现象上升为一种思维和认知的方式。他们认为隐喻就是通过一类事物来理解另一类事物，而隐喻性思维的表层体现就是语言中的隐喻表达。动物在人类生活中举足轻重，而动物习语也在语言中占据重要的位置。L. P.Smith (1925)曾指出，在所有动物中，“狗”和“马”在习语中扮演着最重要的角色。本文运用概念隐喻理论对比分析汉英两种语言中有关狗的习语，试图回答以下三个问题：（1）汉英两种语言中主要有哪些关于狗的概念隐喻？（2）汉英两种语言中关于狗的概念隐喻有哪些相同和不同？（3）造成这些相同与不同的原因有哪些？本研究的主要语料来源于汉语及英语各类字典，共二十三本。通过对大量语料的整理、分类、归纳、分析、对比之后，得到以下发现：（1）汉语中概念隐喻可以归结为“人类是狗”，大体可以分为褒贬两种，共八类。贬义的有六类，褒义的有两类。英语中的概念隐喻也可以归结为“人类是狗”，同样有褒贬两种，共十三类。贬义的有七类，褒义有六类。（2）由此我们可以看出，汉英两种语言中关于狗的概念隐喻都可以归结为“人类是狗”，其中既有褒义也有贬义，，相同的概念隐喻共有五类，分别为顽固的、淫乱的、地位低下的、腐化堕落的、忠诚的人是狗。不同之处在于英语中褒义的概念隐喻类型比汉语多；英语中对于女性语义歧视较明显。（3）两者之间的相同之处可以由Lakoff和Turner于1989年提出的动物隐喻的认知模式，即存在大连环来解释；而差异之处则可以归因为不同的生活体验及文化动因。上述研究发现不仅丰富了概念隐喻理论的应用范围，同时也有利于汉英两种文化之间的交流、两种语言之间的翻译以及外语教学。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of 1970s and 1980s, Lakoff and Johnson formally put forward the theory of conceptual metaphor, which transformed metaphor from a linguistic phenomenon to a way of thinking and cognition. They think that metaphor is to understand one kind of things through another, and the surface of metaphorical thinking is metaphorical expression in language. Animals play an important role in human life, and animal idioms play an important role in language. L. P.Smith 1925). Among all animals, "dog" and "horse" play the most important role in idioms. In this paper, the Conceptual metaphor Theory is used to analyze the dog idioms in both Chinese and English languages. Try to answer the following three questions: (1) what are the main conceptual metaphors for dogs in Chinese and English? what are the same and different conceptual metaphors for dogs in both Chinese and English) and what are the reasons for these similarities and differences? The main corpus of this study comes from all kinds of Chinese and English dictionaries, a total of 23 copies. Through the collation, classification, induction, analysis and comparison of a large number of data, the following results are obtained: (1) Conceptual metaphors in Chinese can be summed up as "man is a dog", which can be divided into two categories: praise and disapproval. There are six categories of derogatory meanings and two categories of commendatory ones. Conceptual metaphors in English can also be summed up as "humans are dogs", there are also two types of praise and disapproval, there are 13 categories. There are seven categories of derogatory meanings and six categories of commendatory meanings. Therefore, we can see that the conceptual metaphors of dogs in both Chinese and English can be summed up as "humans are dogs", among which there are both positive and derogatory meanings. There are five categories of the same conceptual metaphors. The men of stubbornness, adultery, inferiority, corruption, and loyalty are dogs. The difference lies in the fact that there are more positive conceptual metaphors in English than in Chinese; the similarities between them can be found in the animal metaphor cognitive model proposed by Lakoff and Turner in 1989. The difference can be attributed to different living experience and cultural motivation. These findings not only enrich the scope of application of conceptual metaphor theory, but also contribute to the communication between Chinese and English cultures, translation between the two languages and foreign language teaching.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H313;H136

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