“除非”类句式的偏误研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 11:17

本文选题：除非 + 语义特征　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在对外汉语教学中，，“除非”类句式被《汉语水平等级标准与语法等级大纲》（1996）定为丙级语法，是汉语水平等级为中高级的学习者所应该熟练掌握的，但是在现代汉语语法著作中，很少系统的提及“除非”类句式，只是简单的介绍，并不详细。在对外汉语教学研究中，“除非”类句式也并未得到应有的重视，对外汉语教材中的寥寥数语，并不能阐释其真正的意义与用法。从北京语言大学HSK动态作文语料库中收集的语料中可以发现，留学生使用“除非”的正确率并不是很高，漏用、错用等错误类型都普遍存在，学生不能很好的理解，回避使用也是经常出现的问题。 “除非”在《现代汉语词典》和《现代汉语八百词》里解释为“只有”和“除了”，本文利用语用学的预设理论证明该语义，然后分析该句式的语用功能，通过对收集到的4188条语料进行逐一分析，统计了“除非”类句式四种句型、两项语义在现代汉语中的使用频率，分析其在具体语境中的体现，对比语气的强弱，结合母语非汉语的学习者在学习过程中产生的偏误分析原因，最后对对外汉语教学中的“除非”类句式教学提出建议。
[Abstract]:In the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, the sentence structure "unless" is defined as "Grade C Grammar" by the outline of Chinese level Grade Standard and Grammar Grade (1996), which should be well mastered by middle and advanced learners of Chinese language level. However, in modern Chinese grammar works, there is very little systematic mention of "unless" type of sentence, only a simple introduction, not detailed. In the study of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, the sentence structure "unless" has not received due attention, and the few words in the teaching material of Chinese as a foreign language can not explain its true meaning and usage. From the data collected from the HSK dynamic composition Corpus of Beijing language and language University, we can find that the correct rate of using "except" for foreign students is not very high, the error types such as missing use and misusing are common, and students can not understand them very well. Avoidance is also a common problem. Unless "unless" is interpreted as "only" and "except" in the Dictionary of Modern Chinese and 800 words in Modern Chinese, this paper uses the presupposition theory of pragmatics to prove the semantics, and then analyzes the pragmatic functions of the sentence. Through the analysis of the 4188 corpus collected, the paper counts the four sentence patterns of "except" type, the frequency of use of two semantics in modern Chinese, their embodiment in specific context, and the intensity of contrastive mood. Based on the analysis of the causes of errors caused by non-native Chinese learners in the process of learning, some suggestions are put forward for teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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