基于认知视角的概念隐喻与概念转喻差异分析

发布时间：2018-05-06 05:39

本文选题：认知语言学 + 隐喻　；参考：《东北财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：从传统意义上讲,隐喻和转喻被看作是日常应用很广的修辞手段,尤其在文学和富有想象力的作品中。隐喻和转喻不仅是两种辞格,而且是人类重要的两种思维方式,是人类认识客观世界的认知方式。在过去的20年里,从哲学意义上来讲,认知语言学基于对世界的经验现实,它从一个全新的角度解读隐喻和转喻。认知语言学理论认为隐喻和转喻是很重要的思维方式,是人们观察和感知世界的基本工具。正如论文题目所示,该论文旨在从认知的视角研究隐喻和转喻。隐喻和转喻贯穿于人类的整个语言交际过程,影响我们的知识结构、思维和行为方式。认知隐喻是以事物间相似联想为心理基础,认知主体通过推理将一个概念域映射到另一个概念域,从而使得语句具有隐喻性；其主要功能是对事物的描述。转喻是以事物间的邻近联想为基础,一般是发生同一概念域或事件域(同一个ICM或ECM)之中的,人们可用这个概念域或事件域中的组成要素互代,或组成要素与整体之间互代；其主要功能是对事物的指称。他们作为人类的思维方式和认知方式,两者之间既有共同点但又存在不同点。首先看认知隐喻和认知转喻的相同点。认知语言学自20世纪80年代在美国和欧洲兴起起来,从人的认知角度观察和研究语言,认为隐喻和转喻都是人类重要的思维方式,是人类认识客观世界的重要手段。它们根植于人们的基本经验之中,构成人们日常的思考和行动方式语言中的隐喻和转喻是随着人的认知发展而产生的、创造性的思维能力,是认知发展的高级阶段,是人们认知世界,特别是抽象事物不可缺少的一种认知能力。同时,认知隐喻和转喻的本质都是概念性的,是一种自发的、无意识的认知过程。该论文以对隐喻和转喻的总体介绍为开始,包括研究背景、有待解决的问题以及该研究的目的。然后简要介绍隐喻与转喻在国内外的研究现状,之后是论文中涉及到的认知语言学和Grice的合作原则等基本理论框架。该研究涉及的认知语言学的基本理论基础包括三种语言学观点：经验观、突显观和注意观以及三种主要的认知语言学理论：理想认知模型、格式塔理论和原型理论。基于上述对认知语言学的介绍,我们能容易理解什么是认知方法。接着介绍的是概念隐喻和概念转喻,它们的分类以及运行机制。隐喻和转喻的互动性也要研究,因为虽然隐喻和转喻是两个不同的认知过程,但它们也可以共互相作用因此是不可忽视的。该部分是研究中最重要的一部分,是分析的核心。而我们研究的目的就是为了更好地理解说话者得暗含意思,因此,Grice合作原则下的隐喻和转喻应该给予分析。Grice的合作原则在语用学中起着至关重要的作用,该理论的四个准则能够判断出说话者是否愿意与听话者合作以便使听话者清晰地理解说话者的意思并相应地做出行动。隐喻和转喻违反了四个准则中的质的原则,因此要对其进行更一步的研究。经过以上讨论和分析之后,我们可以得出一个结论即：隐喻和转喻不仅仅是修辞手段也是人类思考和行为的基本工具。它们能够帮助我们借助具体和容易察觉的事物去理解抽象和复杂的事物。另外,这还有助于我们理解更为复杂的英文词汇。
[Abstract]:In the traditional sense, metaphor and metonymy are regarded as a widely used rhetorical device, especially in literary and imaginative works. Metaphor and metonymy are not only two figures of speech, but also two important ways of thinking of human beings. It is a cognitive way of understanding the objective world by human beings. In the past 20 years, in the philosophical sense, Cognitive linguistics is based on the experience reality of the world. It interprets metaphor and metonymy from a new perspective. Cognitive linguistics holds that metaphor and metonymy are very important ways of thinking, and are the basic tools for people to observe and perceive the world.
As the topic of the paper shows, the thesis aims to study metaphor and metonymy from a cognitive perspective. Metaphor and metonymy penetrated the whole process of human communication, affecting our knowledge structure, thinking and behavior. Cognitive metaphors are based on similar associations between things, and the cognitive subject maps a conceptual domain to another through reasoning to another. A conceptual domain, thus making the statement metaphorical; its main function is the description of things. Metonymy is based on the adjacent association between things, usually in the same conceptual domain or event domain (the same ICM or ECM), and people can use the constituent elements of the conceptual or event domain to interplay, or make up the elements and the whole. Intergeneration; its main function is the reference to things. They have common but different points as human thinking and cognitive ways. First, it looks at the similarities between cognitive metaphor and cognitive metonymy. Cognitive linguistics has been observed and studied from the perspective of human cognition from the perspective of human cognition since 1980s in the United States and Ou Zhouxing. Language, it is thought that metaphor and metonymy are both important ways of thinking of human beings and an important means of understanding the objective world. They are rooted in the basic experience of people. The metaphor and metonymy in the language of people's daily thinking and action are produced with the development of human cognition. The creative thinking ability is the cognitive development. The advanced stage is an indispensable cognitive ability for people to recognize the world, especially the abstract things. At the same time, the nature of cognitive metaphor and metonymy is conceptual, a spontaneous and unconscious cognitive process.
This paper begins with a general introduction to metaphor and metonymy, including the research background, the problems to be solved and the purpose of the study. Then, it briefly introduces the research status of metaphor and metonymy at home and abroad, after which the basic theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics and the cooperative principle of Grice involved in the thesis. The basic theoretical basis of the theory of speech includes three linguistic perspectives: experience, prominence and attention and three main cognitive linguistic theories: ideal cognitive model, Gestalt theory and prototype theory. Conceptual metonymy, their classification and operation mechanism. The interaction of metaphor and metonymy also needs to be studied. Although metaphor and metonymy are two different cognitive processes, they can also be interacted with each other so that they can not be ignored. This part is the most important part of the study and the core of the analysis. To better understand the speaker's implied meaning, the metaphor and metonymy under the Grice cooperative principle should give the analysis of the cooperative principle of.Grice a vital role in pragmatics. The four principles of the theory can judge whether the speaker is willing to cooperate with the listener in order to make the listener clear the meaning of the speaker. And acting accordingly. Metaphor and metonymy violate the principles of the quality of the four principles, so we have to do a more step in the study. After the above discussion and analysis, we can draw a conclusion that metaphor and metonymy are not only the basic tools of human thinking and behavior. They can help us to borrow it. It helps to understand the abstract and complex things that are concrete and easy to perceive. In addition, it helps us to understand more complex English words.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H05

【参考文献】