汉日量词比较研究和对日汉语量词教学

发布时间：2018-05-06 14:13

本文选题：量词 + 日汉对比　；参考：《渤海大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语和日语中都存在量词，日语量词大多来源于古代汉语。量词在两种语言中的地位和分类方法不尽相同。随着语言的发展演变，两种语言中的量词的意义和用法都或多或少发生了改变。因此两种语言间的量词对比分析变得十分必要。这对促进对日汉语量词教学科学化、系统化有着举足轻重的作用。《高等学校外国留学生汉语教学大纲》（长期进修）中共涉及量词142个，这些量词在两种语言中的意义和用法的对比情况可以大致分为三种：意义和用法基本相同，意义和用法部分相同，意义和用法差异较大。另外通过对名量词的数量结构、动量词的数量结构、汉日量词省略现象和量词重叠等方面比较后发现，汉语和日语的数量结构构成方式存在一定的差别，并且日语量词独立性较差，几乎不能单独使用。量词的特殊形式—量词重叠在汉语和日语中都存在，但重叠能力和形式有所不同。进行汉语和日语量词的对比是为了更好的为对日汉语量词教学服务。目前出版的对外汉语教材对于量词的讲解侧重于语法结构，缺乏系统性和针对性。笔者通过对“HSK作文语料库”中日籍留学生量词习得偏误的分析，总结日本人在量词习得过程中存在的问题，，进而提出对日汉语量词教学建议。在对日汉语量词教学过程中，教师必须在清楚汉日量词使用情况的异同的前提下制定教学内容，这样才能有效地提高教学效率。
[Abstract]:There are quantifiers in both Chinese and Japanese, most of which come from ancient Chinese. The status and classification of quantifiers in the two languages are different. With the development of language, the meaning and usage of quantifiers in both languages have changed more or less. Therefore, the contrastive analysis of quantifiers between the two languages is necessary. This plays an important role in promoting the scientific and systematic teaching of Chinese classifiers in Japanese. A total of 142 quantifiers are involved in the syllabus of Chinese Teaching for Foreign students in Colleges and Universities. The comparison of the meaning and usage of these quantifiers in the two languages can be roughly divided into three categories: the meaning and usage are basically the same. The meaning and usage are the same, and the meaning and usage are quite different. In addition, by comparing the quantitative structure of nominal quantifiers, the quantitative structure of momentum words, the omitting phenomenon of Chinese and Japanese classifiers and the overlapping of quantifiers, it is found that there are some differences in the quantitative structure between Chinese and Japanese. And Japanese quantifiers are less independent and can hardly be used alone. The special form of classifier-quantifier overlap exists in both Chinese and Japanese, but the ability and form of reduplication are different. The comparison between Chinese and Japanese classifiers is to better serve the teaching of Japanese Chinese classifiers. The explanation of classifiers in the published textbooks of Chinese as a foreign language focuses on grammatical structure and lacks systematicness and pertinence. Based on the analysis of the errors in the acquisition of classifiers by Japanese students in HSK composition Corpus, the author summarizes the problems existing in the process of Japanese classifier acquisition, and then puts forward some teaching suggestions for Japanese Chinese classifiers. In the process of teaching Chinese classifiers in Japanese, the teacher must make the teaching content on the premise of clear understanding of the similarities and differences of the usage of Chinese and Japanese classifiers, so as to improve the teaching efficiency effectively.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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