汉德外来词对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 22:04

本文选题：外来词 + 汉德对比　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：语言作为一个开放的动态系统一直处在不断地发展与变化中。当今世界国际社会间各方面交流日益扩大,在语言当中的一个突出反应是外来词数量的显著增加。作为词汇系统的重要组成部分,外来词的研究一直受到各学者的关注,从各个层面对其进行了深入研究并取得了丰富的成果,但同时也还存在着不少分歧。本文以现代汉语及现代德语的外来词作为研究对象,选取《汉语外来语词典》、《现代汉语词典》(第5版)和《Duden:Das Fremdworterbuch》(9. Auflage)中收录的外来词,在归纳前人对汉德外来语研究成果的基础上,通过对汉德外来词的对比分析来揭示两种语言的异同之处,进一步观察汉德语言的基本特点。汉德语言都是从音、形、义三方面引入外来词,与德语中的借音词有所不同,汉字自身的表义性在外来词引入过程中会产生积极或消极的影响,因此人们一方面有意识地选择某些特定的汉字以引起或避免望文生义,另一方面新创一些汉字而使字形意化。外来词进入本族语词汇之后在语音、语义、语法方面都会受到本族语的影响,与本族语融合。外来词在不同语言中的融合程度是不相同的。总的来说,在外来词对汉德语言的影响方面,德语受外来词的影响更深。同时外来词在与本族语融合的同时也会对本族语产生某些影响。在这方面,外来词对汉语的影响相对较轻,而对德语的影响更大,这种情况是由本族语与外来词语源在语言类型上的差别引起的,同时也与外来词在汉德词汇中所占比重关系密切。随着经济的发展,各国家民族之间的接触不断深化,外来词的借入也会变得愈加频繁,使用领域将愈加广泛,同时外来词的融合过程也会以更快的速度完成。
[Abstract]:As an open dynamic system, language is constantly developing and changing. Nowadays, the communication between the international community in the world is expanding day by day, and a prominent response in language is the significant increase in the number of loanwords. As an important part of the lexical system, the study of loanwords has been paid much attention by scholars. Taking the loanwords of modern Chinese and modern German as the research object, this paper chooses the Chinese loan Dictionary, the Modern Chinese Dictionary (5th Edition) and the < Duden:Das Fremdworterbuch > 9. On the basis of summarizing the previous researches on the Chinese and German loanwords, this paper reveals the similarities and differences between the two languages through the contrastive analysis of the Chinese and German loanwords, and further observes the basic characteristics of the Chinese and German languages. The Chinese and German languages all introduce loanwords from the aspects of sound, form and meaning, which are different from the borrowed words in German. The expressive meanings of Chinese characters have a positive or negative effect in the process of introducing loanwords. Therefore, on the one hand, people consciously choose certain Chinese characters to cause or avoid the meaning, on the other hand, they create some new characters to make the character meaning. After entering the native vocabulary, the loanwords will be influenced by the native language in phonological, semantic and grammatical aspects. The degree of fusion of loanwords in different languages is different. In general, the influence of loanwords on the Chinese and German languages is more profound. At the same time, the loanwords have some influence on the native language when they merge with the native language. In this respect, the influence of loanwords on Chinese is relatively light, and that on German is greater. This situation is caused by the differences in language types between native and loanwords. At the same time, it is closely related to the proportion of loanwords in Hande vocabulary. With the development of economy, the contact between nations and nations is deepening, the borrowing of loanwords will become more frequent, the use of loanwords will be more extensive, and the fusion process of loanwords will be completed at a faster speed.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136.5;H33

【参考文献】