后现代语境下的译者伦理研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 11:11

本文选题：翻译伦理悖论 + 翻译伦理转向　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：翻译研究文化转向以后,出现了文化学派、后殖民主义、女性主义和解构主义等后现代主义翻译理论。这些翻译理论对于拓宽翻译研究的视野和领域有极大的促进作用,但是这些后现代主义翻译理论往往矫枉过正,脱离了翻译本质的要求。文化学派认为翻译就是改写与操纵,译者的主体性被无限扩大；女性主义翻译理论认为传统翻译理论是一种性别歧视,是父权政治下的产物,因而致力于性别解放；后殖民翻译理论把民族身份与地位问题作为翻译的核心问题,把翻译视作“征服”与“反抗”的竞技场；解构主义翻译理论否认意义的确定性,将翻译研究引向混乱与虚无。形形色色的翻译伦理悖论,翻译活动本身的伦理属性,以及哲学界“文化伦理转向”思潮的影响,共同导致了翻译研究的伦理转向,翻译中的伦理问题从而成为人们关注的焦点。在传统的翻译理论中,译者的身份是“仆人”、“带着镣铐的舞者”以及“隐形人”等,译者的职责就是绝对地忠实于原文、原作者,不得有丝毫的创造性。在后现代语境下,译者的主体地位逐渐得到彰显,翻译中的创造性叛逆成为译者不可避免的选择,恰当的“创造性叛逆”会使译文收到良好的效果。但是,译者的“创造性叛逆”也不能随意而为,它受到译者的道德规范与伦理原则的制约。那么,译者到底应该具有什么样的伦理原则?这些伦理原则又怎么才能在翻译过程中得到保障和实施呢?这就是本研究的重点内容。本文认为,在后现代语境下,译者应该遵循诚信、责任、规范和正义等主要伦理原则,这些伦理原则要求译者正确处理翻译活动中的人际关系、文化间的关系以及恰当协调各个利益之间的关系。然而,这些伦理原则并不具备强制性的约束力,在现代社会转型过程中,如果没有翻译制度伦理以及译者底线伦理的保障,这些伦理原则就无法真正起到规范译者行为的作用。翻译制度伦理则不同,它是以法律、制度的形式把翻译活动中的伦理观念和道德原则体现出来,使这些伦理规范与原则制度化、法律化和规范化；同时,翻译的法律法规也要求体现翻译的伦理追求和价值判断。翻译制度伦理具有法律效应的规范约束力,可以起到保障译者伦理的作用。因此,我们有必要加强翻译制度伦理建设,严格管理翻译行业的资质认证,规范翻译市场的准入制度,完善翻译行业的诚信机制,促进翻译立法。但是,仅有翻译制度伦理的他律作用,还不能从根本上保证译者的各项伦理原则在翻译过程中的实施。只有把翻译制度的道德规范和伦理原则内化为译者的内心信念,并外化为其翻译实践活动中的正义行为,形成译者的底线伦理观念,促成译者的自律意识,养成尊重原文及原作者、尊重读者以及尊重他者文化的良好风气,才能从根本上杜绝翻译行业中的种种失范现象。因此,我们应该加强译者的底线伦理观念和意识,提高译者的伦理素养,实现译者从他律向自律的转变,从而推动翻译行业健康、良性、有序地发展。
[Abstract]:After the turn of translation studies, the postmodernist translation theory, such as culture school, post colonialism, feminism and deconstruction, has a great effect on broadening the field of vision and field of translation studies, but these postmodernist translation theories are often overcorrected and divorced from the essence of translation. The cultural school believes that translation is rewriting and manipulating, and the translator's subjectivity is expanded indefinitely; the feminist translation theory believes that the traditional translation theory is a sex discrimination, a product of patriarchy, and therefore devoted to the emancipation of sex. Translation is regarded as the arena of "Conquest" and "rebellion"; deconstructive translation theory denies the certainty of meaning, leads translation studies to confusion and nihility. The paradoxes of translation ethics, the ethical attributes of translation activities, and the influence of "cultural ethics turn" in philosophical circles have led to the Ethical Turn of translation studies. The ethical issues in translation have become the focus of attention.
In the traditional translation theory, the translator's identity is "servant", "the dancer with shackles" and "the invisible man". The translator's duty is to be faithful to the original, the original author, and not have the slightest creativity. In the post-modern context, the translator's main position is gradually shown, and the creative treason in translation becomes a translator. The avoidable choice, the appropriate "creative treason" will make the translation get good results. However, the translator's "creative treason" can not be arbitrary. It is restricted by the moral norms and ethical principles of the translator.
So, what kind of ethical principles should the translators have? How can these ethical principles be guaranteed and implemented in the process of translation? This is the focus of this study. In the postmodern context, the translator should follow the main ethical principles of integrity, responsibility, norms and justice. These ethical principles require translation. However, these ethical principles do not have a mandatory binding force. In the process of transformation of modern society, these ethical principles can not be true without the ethics of the translation system and the guarantee of the ethics of the translators' bottom line. It plays the role of regulating the behavior of the translator.
The ethics of the translation system is different. It embodies the ethics and moral principles in the translation activities in the form of law and system, and makes these ethical norms and principles institutionalized, legalized and standardized. At the same time, the laws and regulations of translation also require the expression of ethical pursuit and value judgment of translation. The normative binding force can play a role in protecting translators' ethics.
Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the ethics construction of the translation system, strictly manage the qualification certification of the translation industry, standardize the access system of the translation market, improve the integrity mechanism of the translation industry, and promote the translation legislation. However, only the heteronomy function of the ethics of the translation system can not fundamentally guarantee the translators' ethical principles in the process of translation. Only by internalizing the moral norms and ethical principles of the translation system into the translator's inner belief, and turning it into the just behavior of the translation practice, forming the translator's bottom line ethics, facilitated the translator's self-discipline, and fosters the good atmosphere of respecting the original and the original author, respecting the readers and respecting the culture of the other. Therefore, we should strengthen the translators' ethical concept and consciousness, improve the translators' ethical quality, and realize the translators' Transformation From Heteronomy to self-discipline, so as to promote the healthy, benign and orderly development of the translation industry.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059

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