汉语双音节词词根、词缀的分辨问题

发布时间：2018-05-10 08:00

本文选题：现代汉语 + 语素　；参考：《天津师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文重点探讨现代汉语双音节词汇单位的词根、词缀问题。通过回顾前人的研究成果,分析各家对于词根、词缀不同的见解和观点。在前人研究的基础上进一步对词缀进行总结归纳,描述现代汉语词缀的性质、来源和范围,综合多种标准和依据对现代汉语的词缀进行分类、整理。现代汉语的词缀并不全像印欧语系的词缀那样意义完全空灵,相反,有不少所谓词缀大都还有一定的词汇意义。词缀意义有的较实,有的较虚,历史地看,这种由实而虚的变化是渐变的。汉语为数不多的典型的自源词缀经过漫漫历史长河的洗礼和消磨,基本退掉了本身的词汇意义,可以看作比较纯粹的词缀。另外还有很多经翻译手段由西方引入的非典型词缀,它们较前者具有更旺盛的生命力,造词能力强,泛化程度高；这些词缀的词汇意义没有典型词缀的虚化程度高,程度又各有不同,情况较为复杂,很具有分析价值。本文主要以“性”、“化”为例,讨论新兴词缀的特点、意义及语法功能,进而引出“弱词根”的说法。根据词汇意义的虚实和“性”、“化”语素的泛化程度将双音节词汇单位所包含的“性”、“化”分别划分为词根、弱词根和词缀,然后对“性”、“化”语素意义进行细致描述,分析双音节“X性”、“X化”词汇单位的使用特点及“X”与“性”、“化”语素结合的内在条件和局限性。通过对性”、“化”语素的分析,可以认为现代汉语的某些语素由词根向词缀的发展路线是个连续统。如果说词根和词缀是系统的两级,那么弱词根就正走在由词根向词缀发展的半途。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the roots and affixes of disyllabic lexical units in modern Chinese. By reviewing the previous research results, this paper analyzes the different opinions and viewpoints about the roots and affixes. On the basis of previous studies, this paper summarizes and induces affixes, describes the nature, source and scope of affixes in modern Chinese, classifies and arranges affixes in modern Chinese according to various standards and bases. Affixes in modern Chinese are not as empty as affixes in Indo-European languages. On the contrary, quite a few affixes have lexical meanings. Some of the affix meanings are more real and some are more virtual. Historically, the change from reality to hypocrisy is gradual. After a long history of baptism and extinction, a few typical Chinese autogenic affixes have basically given up their own lexical meaning and can be regarded as relatively pure affixes. In addition, there are many non-typical affixes introduced from the West by translation means, which have stronger vitality, stronger word-making ability and higher generalization than the former, and the lexical meanings of these affixes are not as high as those of typical affixes. The degree is different, the situation is more complex, has the analysis value very much. This paper mainly discusses the characteristics, meaning and grammatical functions of new affixes by taking "sex" and "transformation" as examples, and then leads to the saying of "weak roots". According to the void and nature of the lexical meaning, the generalization degree of the morphemes of the lexical meaning divides the "sex" contained in the two-syllable lexical unit into the root, the weak root and the affix, and then the "sex". The meaning of morphemes is described in detail, and the characteristics of the use of dicyllabic "X" and "X" lexical units are analyzed, as well as the internal conditions and limitations of the combination of "X" and "sex" and "transformation". By analyzing the morphemes of "sex" and "transformation", we can conclude that the development of some morphemes from roots to affixes in modern Chinese is a continuum. If roots and affixes are two levels of the system, then weak roots are on the way from roots to affixes.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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