现代汉语性质词的基元释义研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 08:38

本文选题：性质词 + 基元释义　；参考：《南京师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：形容词是现代汉语词类的重要组成部分,表示人、事物的属性或状态。本研究回顾了前人对形容词次范畴研究的成果,并对形容词“四分法”进行了介绍。在国外基元释义研究和国内释义实践的基础上,用限量词汇对现代汉语常用性质词进行基元释义。重新定义性质词和状态词,将增饰词和增度词的部分词语纳入性质词的范畴。制定语义、位置、原型、频率四个标准对处于性质词和状态词中间阶段的词语进行辨析,严格区分性质词和状态词。同时用四个标准对《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》与《普通话三千常用词表》重叠部分的形容词进行甄别,筛选出常用的279个性质词进行释义。借鉴前人词典的语义分类系统,依据常见性、参考性和内省性相结合的原则,从语义角度对常用性质词进行分类,分为事物性质词、人物性质词、事件性质词三大类。其中,事物类性质词包括视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉五小类；人物类性质词包括外貌、品德、处世三小类；事件类性质词包括判断、程度、内容三小类。参考《现代汉语词典》对性质词的释义,用释义基元词作为研究工具,对筛选出来的常用性质词进行基元同场释义,并用北大现代汉语语料库(文学)的例子对释义的合理性和正确性进行鉴定。同时,归纳性质词同场释义的模式,有分式和综合式两种释义模式,改变传统词典释义的惯用模式和特征。分式的释义模式有：像+相比物质+一样的+属；形容+对象+基本特征+伴随特征；对象+动作+感觉；对象+领有+特征；范围+距离+大(小)。综合的释义模式是：对象+特征。从结构角度归纳的释义模式有四类,并列式的释义模式：形容词+形容词；主谓式的释义模式：名词(对象)+形容词；述宾式的释义模式：述语+名词(宾语)；状中式的释义模式：程度副词+形容词。利用计算机软件对性质词的基元释义文本进行切分和词频统计,根据释义基元出现频率对基元词的义位进行分化或词位合并,得出533个释义基元词,编写《现代汉语性质词释义基元集》,并对统计的数据和释义基元进行分析研究,得出性质词释义常用的“跟……相对”与“形容……”两种释义方式。同时把《现代汉语性质词释义基元集》和《现代汉语词典》释义用语的结果进行对比分析研究,得出《基元集》释义词语在词语使用数量、词语的分布和常用性上优于《现代汉语词典》的释义词语。对现代汉语性质词运用“基元—同场—同模”进行释义,为汉语词典的重新编纂提供释义材料和模式,将有助于对外汉语教学及词典编撰学的革新。
[Abstract]:Adjectives are an important part of modern Chinese parts of speech, representing the attributes or states of people and things. This study reviews the previous researches on adjective subcategory and introduces the adjective quad. On the basis of the research on the interpretation of primitives in foreign countries and the practice of interpretation in China, this paper uses limited vocabulary to interpret the basic elements of common nature words in modern Chinese. Redefine the nature word and the state word, and bring some words of the adorn word and the degree word into the category of the nature word. Four criteria of semantics, location, prototype and frequency are made to discriminate and analyze the words in the middle stage of the nature word and the state word, and to distinguish the nature word and the state word strictly. At the same time, the adjectives in the overlapping parts of "outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters" and "3000 Common words in Putonghua" are identified by using four standards, and 279 commonly used words of nature are selected for interpretation. According to the principle of combining commonness, reference and introspection, this paper classifies the commonly used words from the semantic point of view, which can be divided into three categories: the word of thing, the word of character and the word of nature of event. Among them, there are five subcategories: visual, auditory, olfactory, taste and tactile; characters include appearance, moral character and life; event words include judgment, degree and content. Referring to the interpretation of the nature words in the Modern Chinese Dictionary, this paper uses the interpretive primitive as the research tool, and interprets the common nature words in the same field. The rationality and correctness of the interpretation are identified with the examples of Peking University Modern Chinese Corpus (literature). At the same time, there are two kinds of interpretation modes of inductive words in the same field, fraction and synthesis, which change the idiomatic mode and characteristics of traditional lexicographic interpretation. The definition patterns of fraction are as follows: the genus as compared with substance; the accompanying feature of describing the basic characteristics of object; the feeling of action of object; the characteristic of object; and the large range (small). The comprehensive interpretation pattern is: object characteristics. From the perspective of structure, there are four kinds of interpretive models: adjective, subject-predicate: noun (object) adjective; The explanation pattern of the object: the noun (object); the pattern of Chinese character: the adjective of degree adverb. In this paper, we use the computer software to divide and analyze the text of the primitive meaning of the character word, according to the frequency of the meaning element, divide the meaning of the primitive word or merge the word position, and obtain 533 interpretive primitives. In this paper, the author has compiled the collection of interpretation primitives in modern Chinese, and analyzed and studied the statistical data and the interpretive primitives, and obtained the common "heirs" in the interpretation of nature words. Relative "and" description. There are two ways of interpretation. At the same time, by comparing and analyzing the results of "Modern Chinese character word interpretation primitive set" and "Modern Chinese Dictionary", it is concluded that the "primitive set" is used in the number of words used. The distribution and common use of words are better than those in Modern Chinese Dictionary. The use of "primitive, same field and same model" in modern Chinese words can provide interpretation materials and models for the re-compilation of Chinese dictionaries, which will be helpful to the innovation of teaching Chinese as a foreign language and the compilation of dictionaries.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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