中国上古涉酒词语研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 22:13

本文选题：涉酒词语 + 词义　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文的主要研究对象是中国上古涉酒词语，即源自上古时期文献、词符形式上存在一定关联、意义上与“酒”有关的词和固定语的总汇，属于特定语义范畴词义的断代研究，主要对上古涉酒词语的词义、语义、语用及其发展变化和相关文化现象等进行描写。本文根据普遍认知规律来确定语义分类的认知框架，将上古涉酒词语分为十一个语义类别进行描写和分析，体现它们在上古不同时期的面貌及发展演变。这种划分基于“语义场”及“概念场”理论，但又较之更为宽泛。对于各语义类别，主要从共时角度描写涉酒词语在上古各阶段的语义面貌，从历时角度描写其更替、演变的情况。在此基础上，充分利用“词项属性分析表”来认同别异，使语义特征表述更为具体化。通过分析和比较可以看出：上古前期，涉酒词语已形成系统，其词语多表示具体概念，单音节的单纯词占绝对优势；上古中期，产生了大量的新词，其中一些具有明显时代色彩，还有一些表示的意义较为抽象并且带有一定的文学倾向，复合结构的比例较前期明显增加；上古后期，涉酒词语系统较为完善，复合化趋势已较为明显，主要体现在同义复合词的逐渐形成和使用频率增多的现象。在词义及语义系统描写的基础上，本文还对其中一些涉酒词语进行个案研究，描绘其词义引申脉络。这些词语可能通过各种途径生成相关的涉酒意义，以此作为起点，以上古时期作为主要时间断限，讨论它们在一定的规律下，如何按照某些途径生成相关的新义。由此可以看出，许多词语的意义都不是单一的，其中有些词在上古时期则有了较为复杂的引申，有些词引申意义的用例则出现得较晚。涉酒词语的词义引申存在“同场同模式”的演变规律，不仅丰富了相关类别的词语，也使不同语义类别的词语相互关联，彼此牵涉。隐喻是词义引申的一个途径，亦是从认知角度分析词义的一种方式。通过对上古涉酒词语的隐喻认知分析，可看出其意义之所以演变的原因和规律，亦可从语用的角度看出词语的发展趋势。从意义变化的角度来看，常以现有的词作为参照，或是使现有的词引申出新的义项，或是以现有的词作为语素衍生出新词；在词形上，，由单纯结构向复合结构发展则是一个显著的趋势。成语作为一种特殊的词语形式，其形成与演变亦与隐喻密切相关。这些现象，是人们认知思维发展反映在语用中的结果。涉酒词语作为一种主题词汇，与汉语词汇系统以及社会经济文化生活存在着相互联系、互动互变的关系。从对某些典型词语的描写与考证中，现淀了中国古代酒文化的本质与内涵，体现了语言作为文化载体的重要功能，印证了词汇与文化共变理论。
[Abstract]:The main research object of this paper is the ancient Chinese wine related words, that is, from the ancient literature, there is a certain correlation in the form of the word characters, and the general collection of words and fixed words related to "wine", which belongs to the study of the period of the word meaning of a specific semantic category. This paper mainly describes the meaning, pragmatics, development and cultural phenomena of ancient wine-related words. In this paper, the cognitive framework of semantic classification is determined according to the general cognitive law, and the ancient wine words are divided into 11 semantic categories for description and analysis, reflecting their appearance and evolution in different periods of the ancient times. This division is based on the theory of semantic field and conceptual field, but is broader. For each semantic category, it mainly describes the semantic features of the wine-related words in each stage of the ancient times from a synchronic point of view, and describes their replacement and evolution from a diachronic point of view. On this basis, we make full use of the word item attribute Analysis Table to identify the differences and make the semantic feature expression more concrete. Through the analysis and comparison, we can see that: in the early period of ancient times, the wine words have formed a system, and their words mostly express concrete concepts, the simple words of monosyllabic words have the absolute advantage, and in the middle of ancient times, a large number of new words have been produced. Some of them have obvious epoch color, others have more abstract meaning and have a certain literary tendency, the proportion of compound structure is obviously increased compared with the earlier period; in the late period of ancient times, the system of the words and expressions involved in wine is relatively perfect. The trend of compounding is obvious, mainly reflected in the gradual formation of synonymous compound words and the increasing frequency of use. On the basis of the description of word meaning and semantic system, this paper also makes a case study of some of the wine related words and describes the extension of their meanings. These words may form the relevant meaning of wine through various ways, take this as the starting point, take the ancient period as the main time limit, discuss how they can produce the relevant new meaning according to certain way under certain law. From this, we can see that many words have not single meaning, some of them have more complicated extension in ancient times, and some of them appear later in the use case of extended meaning. The evolvement law of "the same field and the same pattern" exists in the extension of the word meaning of the wine-related words, which not only enriches the relevant categories of words, but also makes the words of different semantic categories interrelate and relate to each other. Metaphor is not only a way to extend the meaning of words, but also a way to analyze the meaning of words from the perspective of cognition. By analyzing the metaphorical cognition of the ancient wine words, we can see the reason and law of their meaning evolution, and the development trend of the words from the perspective of pragmatics. From the point of view of meaning change, the existing words are often referred to, or the existing words are extended to new meanings, or the existing words are used as morphemes to derive new words; in the form of words, The development from simple structure to compound structure is a remarkable trend. As a special form of words, idioms are closely related to metaphor. These phenomena are the result of the development of cognitive thinking reflected in pragmatics. As a subject word, wine related words have interrelation and mutual change with Chinese lexical system and social, economic and cultural life. From the description and textual research of some typical words, the essence and connotation of Chinese ancient wine culture are now laid down, which embodies the important function of language as the carrier of culture, and confirms the theory of covariation between vocabulary and culture.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H131

【引证文献】