最简方案下“挨”字句的生成模拟及相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 22:41

本文选题：最简方案 + 次范畴化　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文针对汉语遭受义“挨”字句的一系列句法现象,提出了三个生成模拟方案,力求可以生成合法的“挨”字句,排除不合法的句子,并对相关句法语义现象加以解释。第一个方案“次范畴化说”是生成能力过强的方案,它的理论来源于“原则与参数理论”,所有句子的生成都是词库规定好的,只要按照词组规则即可生成,但是它不能筛查出不合法的句子,被动义的解释也不全面,而且对于“挨”后“的”字结构的处理仅是一种权宜之计,没有探测到深层的“的”字结构的演变过程。第二个方案“双宾语说”是生成能力较弱的一个方案,它的理论来源于“最简方案理论早期框架”。它未能模拟生成“挨+VP”型“挨”字句,除了较为合理的解释了有施事“挨”字句与无施事“挨”字句的语义句法联系,其他的现象包括最为关键的“被动义”问题都未解决。第三个方案“复式述语说”相对来讲是一个比较完美的方案,它的理论主要来源于“最简方案理论新框架”,辅之以“原则与参数理论”中的一些方法。它不仅通过引入不同的vP层模拟出了各种“挨”字句的生成过程,而且对各种语义句法现象进行了合理的解释： (1)被动义问题：“挨”字复式述语的及物性决定了“挨”字句被动义的有无,及物性的复式述语可选择空代词Prp作为其外宾语,在其控制语域内选择历事主语作为先行语,因而历事主语在语义上具有历事和受事的双重身份,也就形成了被动义。 (2)施事“挨”字句的生成问题：及物性复式述语三元题元结构为有施事NP“挨”字句的形成提供了理论基础,在句法操作上,则可以通过v PAgent。语义层引入施事。 (3)“挨”后动词的性质问题：“挨”后的动词仍然是动词的性质,不能带体貌成分或者不能单独带宾语也是“复式述语”的自然产物。 (4)“的”字结构：退出形式语法的轨道,我们从历史演变的角度探讨“挨”后“的”字结构的形成,我们认为“的”字结构是在形式句法推导出的初始结构的基础上,经过重新分析的过程而形成的结构。经过对三个方案的测评,本文认为“复式述语说”是最符合“挨”字句生成过程的模拟方案。
[Abstract]:Aiming at a series of syntactic phenomena in Chinese sentence, this paper puts forward three generating simulation schemes, which can produce legal sentence, exclude illegal sentence, and explain the syntactic and semantic phenomena. The first scheme, "subcategorization theory", is a scheme with too strong generative ability. Its theory comes from "principle and parameter theory". All sentences are generated according to lexical rules, so long as they are generated according to the phrase rules. But it can not screen out illegitimate sentences, the explanation of passive meaning is not comprehensive, and the processing of "word structure after" is only a kind of expedient measure, without detecting the evolution process of deep "word structure". The second scheme, "double object theory", is a scheme with weak generative ability, and its theory comes from the early framework of minimalist scheme theory. It fails to simulate the generation of "Yi VP" type "Yan" sentence, except for a more reasonable explanation of the semantic syntactic connection between the "Yi" sentence and the "Yan" sentence without the agent. Other phenomena, including the most critical issue of passive meaning, remain unresolved. The third scheme, "compound statement", is relatively perfect. Its theory is mainly derived from the "new framework of minimalist scheme theory", supplemented by some methods in "principle and parameter theory". It not only simulates the generation process of various sentences by introducing different VP layers, but also gives a reasonable explanation of various semantic syntactic phenomena: (1) passive meaning: the existence or absence of passive meaning is determined by the transitivity of the compound of "Yan" and the empty pronoun Prp is chosen as its external object, and the subject of history is chosen as the antecedent in its control domain. As a result, the subject of history has the dual identity of history and suffering in semantics, thus forming the passive meaning. (2) the problem of the generation of the sentence: and the ternary structure of the compound predicate provides the theoretical basis for the formation of the sentence with the agent NP, and in the syntactic operation, it is possible to use v PAgent. Semantic layer introduces agent. (3) the problem of the nature of the verb after the verb: the verb after the verb is still the nature of the verb, can not take body appearance or the object alone is also the natural product of the compound. From the angle of historical evolution, we discuss the formation of "after" word structure. We think that "word structure" is based on the initial structure derived from formal syntax. A structure formed by a process of reanalysis. Through the evaluation of the three schemes, this paper thinks that the compound statement theory is the most suitable simulation scheme for the generation process of the sentence.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.3

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