泰国小学生汉语声母偏误分析及声母教学研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 15:00

本文选题：泰国 + 小学生　；参考：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着中泰两国政治、经济等方面交往日益密切,泰国人民学习中文的热情日益高涨,学习中文的人数逐年上升。在教学规模增大的同时,汉语教学中的问题也突显出来,汉语声母教学便是其中之一。比如忽略了小学生本身二语习得的特点,采用和成人语音教学一样的方法,得到的教学效果不理想；很多教师沿用汉语拼音表中的声母教学顺序进行教学,这样的顺序不 -定符合小学生的习得顺序,增加了学习的难度。本文在中介语理论、偏误分析理论等理论的指导下,力求研究出一套适合泰国小学生的习得特点、有效的教学方法。本文首先制作语音测试表、选取被测试学生,对泰国小学生的声母发音进行测试,通过对测试样本进行听辨分析,对泰国小学生汉语各个声母发音的偏误形式和偏误率进行了统计,根据偏误率并参考汉泰声母的同异列出了汉语声母的难度等级：m、nb、P、 f、d、t、g、l、hk、z、c、s、zh、x、r、shj、chq、c,根据难度等级我们可以了解泰国小学生习得汉语各个声母时的难度,并可以一定程度上了解其汉语声母的习得顺序。本人总结了偏误发生的规律,发现了学生容易发生偏误的地方：一、平舌音和翘舌音容易互相混淆；二、塞擦音和擦音发音时偏误率较高；三、清浊对立的音位偏误较高；学生容易将送气声母发成不送气声母。了解了偏误规律,在教学时加以注意,可以有效减少偏误的发生。虽然声母的偏误形式很复杂,但是对偏误原因进行总结发现,偏误的原因是有规律可循的,总结如下：一、母语负迁移、母语代替的学习策略导致产生偏误；二、目的语规则掌握不全、泛化代替产生偏误；三、目的语的规则掌握不准,出现“中间音”；四、学习者的个体音素也会导致偏误的发生,比如学习的动机等。在前人对泰国小学生汉语声母偏误与教学的研究中,没有分析小学生在二语习得的特点,不了解小学生二语习得的优劣势就没有办法研究出针对小学生的有效的教学方法。本人在研究中,考虑到了小学生二语习得的优劣势,并对其进行总结,比如,小学生短期机械记忆的能力较强,但是长期记忆的能力较差；小学生注意力不容易长时间集中;抽象思维不强导致语言规则的理解能力较差等。根据这些特点提出了相应的教学策略,以便指导有针对性的教学方法的提出。教学策略总结如下：采用视听法形象地进行教学；采用全身反应法、团体语言学习法增强学习效果；采用直接法直观演示发音规则。在这些教学策略的影响下,研究出了适合小学生的教学方法,如图画法展示法、手势法、蜡烛法等等。根据汉语声母难度等级和小学生二语习得的特点,列出了适合泰国小学生的汉语声母教学顺序,将声母分成四组,按顺序进行教学：第一组：m、n、1；第二组：b/p、d/t、 g/k;第三组：f、s、h、x、sh、r;第四组：z/c、zh/ch、j/q。在教学方法的研究中,充分考虑到了对偏误原因的总结,比如学生容易将送气音读为不送气音,教学时用“蜡烛法”专门对送气和不送气声母进行辨析教学：学生容易将平翘舌音相互混淆,教学时用“图示法”将两组声母进行对比教学。另外,根据偏误分析结果,将声母和其每个偏误形式进行辨析教学,力求最大程度减少偏误的发生。在前人的汉语语音研究中,一般是对汉语拼音声、韵、调三部分全部进行分析,没有对汉语声母专门的、全面的研究;一些对汉语声母进行专门的研究也不是很全面,有的只研究汉语声母偏误,有的只研究汉语声母的教学策略,本文从语音测试、偏误结果统计、偏误原因分析到教学策略、方法的提出进行了全面细致地研究。另外,前人对小学生的汉语语音研究也没有分析小学生二语习得的特点,这样提出的教学方法就不一定适应小学生二语习得的规律,影响学习效果。本人细致分析了小学生二语习得的优劣势,并根据这些优劣势提出教学策略,在教学策略的指导下提出细致、有效的教学方法,将会很大程度上加强泰国小学生汉语声母学习的效果。
[Abstract]:With the increasing political and economic exchanges between China and Thailand , the enthusiasm of the Thai people to learn Chinese is increasing and the number of Chinese students has increased year by year .

At the same time , the problems in Chinese teaching are also highlighted in the increase of teaching scale , which is one of them . For example , it ignores the characteristics of the second language acquisition of elementary school students , and adopts the same method as adult voice teaching , so that the teaching effect is not ideal ;
Many teachers teach in the order of mother - mother teaching in the Chinese phonetic alphabet , which does not

On the basis of the theory of intermediate language and the theory of error analysis , this paper tries to find out a set of teaching methods which are suitable for students in Thailand .

I summarize the law of the occurrence of bias , and find that the place where students are prone to mistakes is : Firstly , the tongue and the tongue are easily confused with each other ;
secondly , the error rate is higher when the fricatives and the fricatives are pronounced ;
thirdly , the pitch deviation of the clear and turbid opposition is higher ;
It is easy for students to send the mother - to - gas to the non - air - sending mother . Understand the law of bias , pay attention in teaching , and can effectively reduce the occurrence of bias .

Although the wrong form of the sound mother is very complex , it is found that the cause of the bias is regular , and the conclusion is as follows : First , the negative transfer of the mother tongue and the learning strategy replaced by the mother tongue result in the bias ;
Second , the target language rule is incomplete , and the generalization replaces the generation of bias ;
Thirdly , the rules of the target language are uncertain , and the " middle tone " appears ;
Fourthly , the individual phoneme of the learner can also lead to the occurrence of errors , such as the motivation of learning and so on .

In this study , the author does not know the characteristics of pupils in the second language acquisition , and does not know the advantages and disadvantages of the second language acquisition of the pupils . In the study , the author takes into account the advantages and disadvantages of the second language acquisition and summarizes them , for example , the ability of the short - term mechanical memory of the pupil is strong , but the ability of long - term memory is poor ;
The attention of pupils is not easy to focus for a long time ; the lack of abstract thinking leads to poor understanding of language rules and so on .

According to these characteristics , the corresponding teaching strategies are put forward in order to guide the proposed teaching method . The teaching strategies are summarized as follows : the teaching is carried out in the image of audio - visual method ;
The whole body reaction method and group language learning method are adopted to enhance the learning effect ;
The direct method is used to directly demonstrate the pronunciation rules . Under the influence of these teaching strategies , the teaching methods suitable for pupils are studied , such as drawing method display method , gesture method , candle method , etc .

According to the characteristics of the difficulty level and the second language acquisition of Chinese students , this paper lists the teaching sequence of Chinese phonetic alphabet suitable for students in Thailand , and divides the sound mother into four groups , which are divided into four groups according to the order : the first group : m , n , 1 ;
Group 2 : b / p , d / t , g / k ; Group 3 : f , s , h , x , sh , r ; Group 4 : z / c , en / ch , j / q .

In the study of the teaching method , the author takes fully into account the summary of the causes of the bias , such as the students are easy to read the air to the air , and the candle method is used to distinguish between the two groups of initials . In addition , according to the result of the analysis of the bias , the mother and each of them are analyzed and analyzed to the maximum extent .

In the Chinese speech study of the former , it is generally analyzed that the Chinese phonetic alphabet , rhyme and tone are all analyzed , and there is no special and comprehensive study of the Chinese sound mother . Some special research on the Chinese phonetic alphabet is not comprehensive , and only the teaching strategies of the Chinese sound mother are studied . The paper makes a comprehensive and detailed study on the teaching strategies and methods from the analysis of the pronunciation test , the error result statistics , the error cause analysis to the teaching strategies and methods .

In addition , the former has not analyzed the characteristics of the second language acquisition of the primary school students , so the proposed teaching method does not necessarily adapt to the rules of the second language acquisition and influences the learning effect . In this way , the author analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the second language acquisition and puts forward the teaching strategies according to these advantages and disadvantages .

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195.3

【参考文献】