NegOP假说：否定句的句法结构研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 01:24

本文选题：否定标记词 + 功能语类　；参考：《四川外语学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：众所周知，否定句是人类交际过程中十分重要，甚至可以说是必不可少的句型。自柏拉图时期以来，否定句就是许多学者著作中论述的话题。许多语言学家对否定句也有大量的论述。总体来说，否定句的语言学研究主要分为以下几个方面：语义学，语用学及句法学。句法学对否定句的研究存在很大的分歧，，这源于对否定标记词的认定，也就是说，在否定标记词是副词，缀词还是屈折词方面，句法学家各有论断。为此，对否定标记词的不同认定直接导致了不同的句法分析。总体来讲，否定标记词的句法分析至少有三类，分别为IP, NegP和∑P。这些研究对否定标记词以及对否定句的理解做出了贡献，但是这些分析都是基于语言现象的句法描写，缺乏在句法分布方面的逻辑思考，没有从理论上对其深层结构的分布做出分析。因此，先前的研究不能逃脱现象的干扰，历时和共时的混同，不可避免地把研究限制在描写某一种语言的句法结构。本研究以最简精神为支柱，以研究英语和罗曼语为样例，试图指出先前研究中存在的缺憾，进行反思，用逻辑推导的方法来重新分析否定句的句法结构。英语中的not，意大利语中的non，法语中的ne和pas，西班牙语中的no等，诸如这些否定标记词，它们形态丰富，在句中分布不同，因此对否定句研究具有重要意义。所以，本研究将以重新鉴定否定标记词的语类为出发点，探讨它不是副词，缀词及其屈折词的可能性，分析以否定标记词为中心语进行最大投射的必要性，并指出否定标记词在否定句中的深层位置及其对否定句的语法作用，同时研究了否定标记词和句中其它语类的关系。本研究通过论证分析指出，否定标记词，表现出附加语的特征，作为操作词，归属于功能语类。它是句子的重要算子，而不是构成句中动词短语的必要条件，也就是说，它的辖域不是动词短语而是语言逻辑模板F[S[NP VP]]。另外，否定标记词不表现出任何INFL特征，它外在于逻辑模板，并选择性地对其成分进行否定调变，作为独立语类能够形成自己的最大投射NegOP (否定运算短语)。本文的分析不仅仅能够解释否定标记词的生成位置，而且也为解决它和其他成分之间的关系提供了可能性。更为重要的是，重新鉴定否定标记词和重新分析否定句会有助于语法理解，还有助于语法教学。
[Abstract]:As we all know, the negative sentence is very important in the process of human communication, or even a necessary sentence pattern. Since the period of Platon, the negative sentence has been discussed in many scholars' works. Many linguists have also discussed the negative sentences in a large amount. Semantics, pragmatics and sentence jurisprudence.
There is a great difference in the study of negative sentences in sentence jurisprudence, which originates from the identification of negative markers, that is to say, in the denial of adverbs, suffix or inflection words, the sentence jurists have each assertion. For this reason, the different cognizance of negative markers leads to different syntactic analysis. Generally speaking, the syntax of negative markers is used. There are at least three types of analysis, such as IP, NegP and sigma P., which have made contributions to negative markers and the understanding of negative sentences. However, these analyses are based on the syntactic description of linguistic phenomena, lack logical thinking on the syntactic distribution, and do not analyze the distribution of their deep structures in theory. It is impossible to escape the interference of phenomena. The syntactic structure of a particular language is inevitably restricted by the mixture of diachronic and synchronic.
This study, taking the simplest spirit as the pillar, studies English and Romanian as an example, attempts to point out the shortcomings in the previous study, to rethink and reanalyze the syntactic structure of the negative sentence by logical derivation. The not in English, the non in Italian, the NE and PAS in French, and the no in Spanish, such as these negative markers. They are rich in form and different in sentences, so it is of great significance to the study of negative sentences. Therefore, this study will take a re identification of the category of negative markers as the starting point, and discuss the possibility that it is not the adverb, the suffix and its inflection words, and the necessity of the maximum projection of the negative markers as the central language, and to point out the negation. The deep position of marked words in negative sentences and their grammatical functions on negative sentences are also studied. The relationship between negative markers and other genres in sentences is also studied.
Through demonstration and analysis, this study indicates that negative markers, which represent the features of the adjunct, belong to the functional category. It is an important operator of the sentence, not the necessary condition for the verb phrase in the sentence, that is to say, its jurisdiction is not a verb phrase but the language logic template F[S[NP VP]]., and the negation of the mark word is not. It shows any INFL feature, which lies outside the logic template and selectively denies its components. As an independent class, it can form its own maximum projection NegOP (negative arithmetic phrase). This analysis can not only explain the position of the generation of negative markers, but also provide a solution to the relationship between it and other components. More importantly, reappraisal of negative markers and reanalysis of negative sentences will contribute to grammatical understanding and grammar teaching.

【学位授予单位】：四川外语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H043

【相似文献】