《左传》“者”字词性研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 03:18

本文选题：者 + 《左传》　；参考：《华中科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：“者”是一个古汉语中十分常见也是十分重要的虚词，在古文中出现的频率很高。虚词是表现语法关系和意义的重要手段，“者”的用法引起了学者们的重视，对它的词性是众说纷纭，主要有“代词”“结构助词”“语气词”几种，可谓“仁者见仁，智者见智”，到目前还没有达成共识。 “者”在《左传》中共出现566例，先把它们分为“名+者”和“谓+者”两大类，“谓+者”又分为“形+者”、“动+者”、“句子+者”三个小类，每一类选取典型例句进行语法分析，此外还讨论了一些特殊的“者”字结构，如“所……者”，“名（之）谓者”。我们可以看到“者”字的用法多样，具有强大的组合功能，既能够出现在名词或名词性短语后面，也能加在形容词或形容词短语、动词或动词短语的后面，还可以在复句的偏句末或整句末尾出现。通过对典型例句的语法分析，名词或名词性短语后面的“者”起停顿作用，起具有语气词的性质，强调“者”前的成分，提示下文，加深说话人的语气和态度，有时起补足音节的作用。“者”字结构，脱胎于形容词或形容词短语、动词或动词短语用如名词或名词性短语的现象，这里的“者”字起初是起一个标识作用，，随着“者”字结构的发展壮大，它成为一个结构助词。整句和复句偏句末的“者”字主要起加强句子语气的作用，可以定性为语气词。
[Abstract]:"Man" is a very common and important function word in ancient Chinese. Function words are important means of expressing grammatical relation and meaning. The usage of "person" has attracted the attention of scholars, and there are different opinions on its part of speech. There are several kinds of "pronouns", "structural auxiliary words" and "mood words". "different wisdom," so far has not reached a consensus. There are 566 cases in Zuo Zhuan. First, they are divided into two categories: "famous" and "predicate", and "predictor" is divided into three subgroups: "shape-maker", "mover" and "sentence person". In addition, we discuss some special "person" word structure, such as "he". Name is the person. We can see that the word "person" is used in a variety of ways and has a powerful combinatorial function. It can appear after a noun or a noun phrase, or an adjective or adjective phrase, a verb or a verb phrase. It can also appear at the end of the compound sentence or at the end of the whole sentence. Through the grammatical analysis of typical example sentences, the "person" after the noun or noun phrase has the function of pausing, which has the nature of the motif, emphasizes the element before the "person", indicates the following, and deepens the speaker's mood and attitude. Sometimes it serves as a complement to the syllables. The word "person" is derived from the phenomenon of adjectives or adjective phrases, and verbs or verb phrases are used as nouns or noun phrases. The word "person" here initially served as an identifier, and with the development of the structure of the word "person", It becomes a structural auxiliary word. The word "person" at the end of the sentence and the compound sentence mainly plays a role in strengthening the mood of the sentence and can be qualitatively regarded as the modal word.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H141

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